World History Chapter 16

"There shall be no private international understandings of any kind but [instead] diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view." —Woodrow Wilson, The Fourteen Points In stating this goal, Wilson was seeking an end to agreements such as the

Allied promise to give Italy some Austrian lands

A consequence of Germany promising Austria a "blank check" was that

Austria sent Serbia an ultimatum to end all anti-Austrian agitation.

How did French nationalism increase tensions in Europe?

France considered Alsace and Lorraine to belong to France, rather than Germany.

Who benefited most from the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Germany

Which sentence completes this chart?

Germany was forced to assume complete responsibility for financial reparations.

Which measure did Lenin adopt in trying to achieve the promise made in the following quote? "We shall now occupy ourselves in Russia in building up a proletarian socialist state." —Lenin

He ended private ownership of land and distributed land to peasants.

Which statement best describes Lenin's contribution to the creation of the Soviet Union?

He provided the new state with political and ideological leadership.

"What with the political monopoly, the Cheka and the Red Army, all that now existed of the 'Commune-State' of our dreams was a theoretical myth." —Victor Serge, Memoirs of a Revolutionary Based on this quotation, what conclusion can you draw about the author?

He was a Marxist who became disillusioned with the repressive policies of the Soviet government.

Why was the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand important?

It caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia.

How did new military technology influence the fighting in World War I?

It increased the number of casualties.

Why was the League of Nations significant?

It was the first attempt to create an organization where nations worked together for peace.

What is one way in which militarism influenced the nations of Europe prior to World War I?

Militarism contributed to a European arms race.

Which statement describes a feature of "war communism" in Russia?

Peasants were forced to deliver their crops to feed the army and people in the cities.

Which phrase completes this chart?

Pledged to defend Belgium

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of "total war" in World War I?

Propaganda campaigns encouraged people to grow their own food.

How was imperialism a cause of World War I?

Rivalry over overseas territories increased tensions in Europe.

Why did Lenin feel he needed to adapt Marxist ideas to fit Russian conditions?

Russia did not have a large force of urban workers.

Which of the following was an effect of Allied defeats and high casualty rates on the Eastern Front ?

Russia experienced a revolution and dropped out of the war.

Which factor was a cause of BOTH revolutions in Russia in 1917?

Russia's involvement in World War I

How did the entrance of the Ottoman empire on the side of the Central Powers affect the war?

The Allies lost a valuable supply line to Russia.

What was the result of the Allies' intervention in Russia's civil war?

The Reds appealed to nationalism and urged Russians to drive out the foreigners.

What event in 1917 most benefited the Allies?

The United States declared war against Germany.

Why were posters like this one necessary to the U.S. war effort?

The United States entered the war late and had little time to mobilize.

Which statement completes this chart?

The old Russian empire became the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

How did Ottoman control of the Dardanelles and German submarine warfare in the Atlantic have a similar impact on World War II?

They both interfered with vital Allied supply lines.

What impact did rapid-fire machine guns have on the course of the war?

They helped prolong the stalemate because they made it difficult for troops to advance.

How did the Allies fight against German vessels like the one shown in this picture?

They organized convoys of merchant ships protected by warships.

How were European colonies involved in the war?

They provided the European powers with manpower and materials.

What role did women play in the war effort during World War I?

They worked in war industries, manufacturing weapons and supplies.

What is one way Russia's lack of industrialization impacted the war?

Trench warfare did not develop on the Eastern Front.

What were the Fourteen Points?

Wilson's plan for ending the war and preventing future wars

What was the immediate result of the sinking of the British liner Lusitania by a German u-boat?

Woodrow Wilson threatened to cut diplomatic ties with Germany.

What is one a reason for the staggering casualties that Russia suffered in World War I?

a poorly equipped army

Germany, France, and Russia were drawn into the war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia as a result of the

alliance system.

In contrast to Lenin's "war communism," his New Economic Policy of 1921

allowed small businesses to reopen for private profit

The British naval blockade of the North Sea contributed to

food shortages in Germany.

The major goal of the Pan-Slavic movement in Serbia was to

free Serbia from Austrian domination.

The naval rivalry between Germany and Britain was the direct result of

growing German imperialism in Africa.

"I suppose I resembled a kind of fish with my mouth open gasping for air. It seemed as if my lungs were gradually shutting down and my heart pounded away in my ears like the beat of a drum. . . . To get air into my lungs was real agony." —William Pressey, quoted in People at War 1914-1918 The weapon described in this passage was primarily used

in trench warfare.

Trench warfare led to a stalemate on the Western Front because

it was difficult for either side to launch an offensive.

Which type of military technology played the largest role in creating the long stalemate on the Western Front?

machine guns

"I shall not live to see the Great War, but you will see it, and it will start in the east." When he made the above prediction, German chancellor Otto von Bismarck was most likely referring to

nationalist and ethnic tensions in the Balkans.

The chief goal of the League of Nations was to

prevent future wars.

Lenin believed that a socialist revolution could succeed in Russia if

revolutions were carried out simultaneously in other parts of Europe.

The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity of autonomous development. The quotation above, one of the Fourteen Points, reflects which goal of Woodrow Wilson?

self-determination

Which of the following is the best example of how imperialism increased tensions in Europe in the years before World War I?

the Moroccan crisis of 1904

"They are constantly frightening the emperor with threats of revolution, and here,—you see it yourself—we need merely to show ourselves and at once their hearts are ours. "The above statement made by Tsarina Alexandra is evidence that

the royal family underestimated the growing discontent in Russia.

"We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion. We seek no indemnities for ourselves, no material compensation for the sacrifices we shall freely make. We are but one of the champions of the rights of mankind. We shall be satisfied when those rights have been made as secure as the faith and the freedom of nations can make them. " These words reflect which of President Woodrow Wilson's war goals?

to make the world safe for democracy

There were vast stretches of mud, of fields once cultivated, but now scarred with pits ... rusty barbed wires. The roads were rivers of clay. They were lined with dugouts, cellars, and caves." —Richard Harding Davis, war correspondent This passage describes the impact of

trench warfare.

The military technology shown in this illustration was important in World War I because it allowed

troops to attack targets more than 100 miles away.