Chap 17
After being told to begin her reading assignment, Jenny slaps her teacher. The teacher immediately reprimands her and sends her to time out. This is an example of ________. Escape Avoidance
Avoidance
You are sitting in your house and are very cold. You go to your closet and put on your jacket and return to a normal temperate. The sweater functions as a: Unconditioned reinforcer, the sweater does not need to be paired with a returning to normal temperature in order to gain its reinforcing value Conditioned reinforcer. The sweater was paired with a return to normal temperature, feeling warm again. Unconditioned and conditioned reinforcer None of the above
Conditioned reinforcer. The sweater was paired with a return to normal temperature, feeling warm again.
Jessica allows her client to take a bite of candy every single time he says "candy please". Which type of reinforcement schedule is being used in this example? Intermittent reinforcement Continuous schedules of reinforcement Time based schedule of reinforcement None of the above
Continuous schedules of reinforcement
You are teaching your client a brand new skill. Which schedule of reinforcement would you use? Time based reinforcement Continuous schedules of reinforcement Intermittent schedules of reinforcement DRA
Continuous schedules of reinforcement
Operant behavior does not rely on an individual's learning history. True False
False
Which schedule of reinforcement is used to maintain behavior over time? Continuous schedules of reinforcement Intermittent schedules of reinforcement Time-based reinforcement Intermittent schedules of reinforcement and time-based reinforcement
Intermittent schedules of reinforcement
With time contingent reinforcement schedules, reinforcement is not contingent on behavior. In fact, the person could be dead and receive reinforcement. False, reinforcement is always contingent on engagement in behavior. True, time based schedules of reinforcement are time contingent and do not require any response at all Time contingent schedules are contingent on a certain amount of time that has elapsed. Although you are not reinforcing a specific behavior, this does not mean that you are not reinforcing a behavior. For example, when you deliver a token every 10 minutes, the client may be clapping her hands at the time that you deliver the reinforcer. The future frequency of her clapping hands behavior increases. A dead man does not engage in behavior, and for reinforcement to take place, it increases the future frequency of behavior. False, the person needs to engage in a specific behavior after the fixed amount of time has passed in order to get the reinforcer None of the above.
False, reinforcement is always contingent on engagement in behavior.
Jenny gives her client a piece of candy but only after 20 minutes has elapsed since the last time he asked for candy. What schedule of reinforcement is being used in this example? Variable interval Fixed interval Variable ratio Continuous reinforcement
Fixed interval
Alexa gives her client a token for every 2-math problems he completes. What schedule of reinforcement is Alexa's client on? Fixed ratio (FR2) Variable ratio (VR 2) Variable interval (VI2) Time based schedule
Fixed ratio (FR2)
Katie gives her daughter her vitamins every 24 hours. This is an example of a ____________. Variable time schedule Fixed time schedule Fixed interval Variable interval
Fixed time schedule
Which of the following is likely to be an example of operant behavior? Blinking your eye after a puff of air The jolt of your leg after being hit in the knee with a rubber mallet Hugging your family member and saying goodbye Vomiting after eating spoiled food
Hugging your family member and saying goodbye
The grocery store has been out of Lexie's favorite cookies for the last few weeks. Is Lexie more or less likely to engage in a behavior that results in gaining access to those cookies? Less likely, she is too hungry to engage in a behavior. Less likely, Lexie is "upset" about not having had her cookies for a week. More likely, she is deprived and the cookies now serve as a more effective reinforcer.
More likely, she is deprived and the cookies now serve as a more effective reinforcer.
Aiden has had a headache for the last few hours. He goes to the medicine cabinet to take an Advil and shortly after, his headache suddenly stops. The following example best depicts: Negative reinforcement in the form of avoidance Positive reinforcement as he took some medicine Negative reinforcement in the form of escape This is not a form of reinforcement
Negative reinforcement in the form of escape
Andy is finally completing his homework and in the middle of his assignment he throws the pencil and math sheet at the wall. His dad tells Andy to go to his room for his bad behavior. The following scenario best depicts: Negative reinforcement in the form of escape Negative reinforcement in the form of avoidance Positive reinforcement No reinforcement
Negative reinforcement in the form of escape
Is the following an example of reinforcement? A client completed washing his hands independently for the first time. You immediately provided praise along with a cookie. The next several sessions, the client no longer washes his hands independently. Yes, this is positive reinforcement as something was added to the environment after a behavior occurred. No, this is not positive reinforcement because although the behavior resulted in the delivery of an appetitive stimuli, the future frequency of hand washing did not increase. Yes, this is positive reinforcement as the client really likes cookies. None of the above
No, this is not positive reinforcement because although the behavior resulted in the delivery of an appetitive stimuli, the future frequency of hand washing did not increase.
Select whether the following example describes operant or respondent behavior. You are driving when the light suddenly turns red and you quickly jolt and hit the brakes Respondent Operant
Operant
Mila yells and claps during her math class. After doing so, the teacher immediately says "Mila, Stop yelling! You are disrupting the class and misbehaving". The next few days, Mila's screaming behavior increases substantially. The teacher's scolding most likely serves as: Positive punishment Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Aversive stimuli
Positive Reinforcement
Your phone is running out of battery and you ask your friend to lend you a charger. She then quickly provides you with the charger. In the future, when your phone is dying, you continue to ask your friend for the charger. This example best represents ____________ Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Olivia's favorite activity is to draw on the white board. Olivia spends 2 hours right before session playing on the whiteboard. When Olivia's therapist arrives at the house and asks Olivia if she would like to earn tokens in order to gain access to her whiteboard, Olivia says "no thanks". The following example best depicts: Satiation, Olivia had access to the whiteboard right before the session. Deprivation, Olivia had access to the whiteboard right before session The whiteboard is no longer a reinforcer, you should throw it out. None of the above
Satiation, Olivia had access to the whiteboard right before the session.
Amy, a well experienced behavior therapist is pairing food with the delivery of a token. Why might she be doing this? To condition the token as a conditioned reinforcer To make the client happy Because food is an unconditioned reinforcer To pair the token as an unconditioned reinforcer
To condition the token as a conditioned reinforcer
Tracy has a client who loves bubbles. Tracy decides to only bring in the bubbles once a week. If bubbles effectively serve as a reinforcer, why wouldn't Tracy bring the bubbles to sessions every day? Tracy wants to make sure that her client does not satiate. If the client becomes satiated, it reduces the effectiveness of bubbles as a reinforcer. Tracy wants to make sure that her client plays with other toys Tracy forgets to bring the bubbles
Tracy wants to make sure that her client does not satiate. If the client becomes satiated, it reduces the effectiveness of bubbles as a reinforcer.
Is the following statement true or false: An unconditioned reinforcer is of phylogenic provenance, meaning that it does not need to be paired with other reinforcers to gain its value. True False
True
Food most likely serves as a ______________. Conditioned reinforcer Unconditioned reinforcer None of the above
Unconditioned reinforcer
Your teacher gives you a break from work on average about every 14 times you ask for one. What schedule of reinforcement is the employee on? Variable interval Fixed interval Variable Ratio Time based schedule
Variable Ratio
Your client is given one token on average, about every 10 minutes. This is a _______ schedule. Variable time schedule Fixed time schedule Fixed interval None of the above
Variable time schedule
Which of the following examples is most likely to be an unconditioned reinforcer? An iPad Water Money All of the above
Water
Michael tells his son Andy to begin doing his homework. Andy then begins to complain that his stomach hurts. His dad then tells him to go laydown instead. The next few days, every time Michael tells Andy to go do his homework, he notices that his son says his stomach hurts. Is the following scenario an example of reinforcement? If so, what type? Yes, negative reinforcement Yes, positive reinforcement No, this is not reinforcement, his stomach hurt None of the above
Yes, negative reinforcement
