Chap 24 digestive system questions

List the following segments of the small intestine in the correct order as they are encountered in the alimentary canal: 1. jejunum, 2. duodenum, 3. ileum ___________________.

2, 1, 3

Place the following structures of the large intestine in the correct order as they extend from the ileocecal junction: 1. ascending colon, 2. cecum, 3. rectum, 4. descending colon, 5. sigmoid colon, 6. transverse colon ____________________.

2, 1, 6, 4, 5, 3

List the following tissue layers of the digestive tract in order as they occur from the lumen to the most external layer: 1. serosa, 2. mucosa, 3. muscularis externa, 4. submucosa

2, 4, 3, 1

There are normally ______________ primary teeth

20

The appendix, which contains lymphatic nodules, is attached to the ___________.

Cecum

The _____________ is the blood vessel that receives blood from the hepatic sinusoids and conveys it to the hepatic veins.

Central vein

The ______________ duct from the gallbladder joins the ______________ duct from the liver, forming the ________________ duct.

Cystic; common hepatic; common bile

Which of these is an accessory organ of digestion? a. spleen b. esophagus c. appendix d. liver

D

The pancreatic duct and the common bile duct converge at the _______________.

Duodenal ampulla

Digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver and gallbladder are emptied into the small intestine at the ________________.

Duodenum

Which structure closes to seal off the larynx during swallowing?

Epiglottis

The muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach is the _______________.

Esophagus

The type of digestion that occurs in the mouth is mechanical only. true or false

False -mecahnical and chemical

The mucosal lining of the entire digestive tract consists of stratified squamous epithelium. Ture or false

False mouth- stratisfied squamous stomach and intestines- simple columnar

Digested nutrients-including proteins, carbohydrates and lipids-are absorbed first by the lacteals before being transported into the blood. true or false

False lacteals absorb the breakdown products of lipids only

The fatty apron that extends from the greater curvature, which is part of the serosal layer of the stomach, is called the ___________.

Greater omentum

The contents of the stomach are normally sequestered in the stomach by the ________________.

Lower esophageal sphincter

The process of chewing is called ________________.

Mastication

The digestive tract is a muscular tube extending from the ___________ to the __________.

Mouth; anus

The most superior region of the pharynx that has only respiratory functions is the ________________.

Nasopharynx

Which cells of the pancreas produce the endocrine hormones insulin and glucagon, which regulate serum glucose levels?

Pancreatic islets

Which cells of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?

Parietal cells

The largest salivary gland, which is located just anterior to each ear, is the ________________.

Parotid gland

The aggregations of lymphatic tissue located in the ileum that help initiate an immune response against pathogens present in the small intestine are called ______________.

Peyer's patches

The sphincter that regulates the movement of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum is the ___________.

Pyloric sphincter

The folds of the inner stomach lining that allow the stomach to expand are called _____________.

Rugae

What are the functions of the gallbladder?

Store bile concentrate bile

The modified muscularis externa of the large intestine forms three bands known as the _______________.

Taeniae coli

Mechanical digestion begins in the oral cavity; enzymatic digestion doesn't begin until food enters the stomach. Are these two statements true or false?

The first is true; the second is false.

Which of these is not a function of the stomach? a. to secrete enzymes that break down proteins b. to secrete hydrochloric acid c. to mechanically digest food d. to secrete enzymes that break down carbohydrates

d

Which of these is not secreted directly into the lumen of the stomach? a. gastrin b. hydrochloric acid c. mucus d. pepsin

d

Which of these statements about water balance in the digestive system is true? a. About 7000 ml/day enters by secretion. b. About 2000 ml /day enters by mouth. c. About 150-200 ml/day is lost in the feces. d. All of these statements are true.

d

Lipid-soluble vitamins cross the digestive epithelium primarily by _________.

diffusion

Into which section of the small intestine do both the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty?

duodenum

Which part of the tooth bears the force of chewing?

enamel

What part of the alimentary canal carries food to the stomach?

esophagus

The cardiac sphincter is found between the __________.

esophagus and stomach

Absorption of nutrients into the blood mainly occurs in the stomach. true or false

false -small intestine

The breakdown products of which of the following are absorbed into lacteals?

fats

How many layers make up the esophagus?

four

What is the most superior region of the stomach called?

fundus

A fatty apron known as the __________ protects the abdominal viscera anteriorly

greater omentum

What structure regulates what enters the colon from the ileum?

ileocecal valve

The last portion of the small intestine is the ____________.

ileum

Which of the following are functions of the digestive system

ingesting food moving food through the digestive tract digesting food absorbing nutrients eliminating waste.

The stomach stores and mechanically breaks down food. In addition, the stomach also .

initiates protein digestion

Most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is performed in the __________.

jejunum

The blood vessels in the alimentary canal that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ______________.

lamina propria

The epithelium and the __________ make up the mucosa of the digestive tract.

lamina propria

The _______ contains lobules with sinusoids that lead to a central venous structure.

liver

In the small intestine, which of the following enzymes breaks down maltose?

maltase

Sheets of serous membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are the _____________.

mesenteries

There are four basic layers of the digestive tract. Arrange them in order from the lumen (deep to superficial).

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

The cells in the gastric mucosa near the openings of the gastric pits largely specialize in secreting __________.

mucus

The crown of a tooth is covered by _______________, the hardest substance in the body.

namel

The cephalic phase of stomach function is an example of the __________ system interacting with the digestive system.

nervous

The enzyme alpha-amylase that digests polysaccharides is secreted by the __________.

pancreas

Which cells of the pancreas are endocrine cells?

pancreatic islets

What secretory cells of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?

parietal cells

The joint between the tooth and bone is called the __________.

periodontal ligament

The small intestine is specialized for absorption. The absorptive effectiveness is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the intestinal wall. Which of the following accomplish this task?

plicae circularis and intestinal villi

What are the four major lobes of the liver?

right and left lobes quadrate lobe caudate lobe

What are the wrinkles in the wall of the stomach called?

rugae

If an incision had to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the

serosa

Which two types of secretory cells make up the salivary glands?

serous cells and mucous cells

Chyme is created in the .

stomach

The epithelium of the large intestine microscopically most resembles that of the __________.

stomach

The layer of the digestive tube that contains blood vessels, lymphatic nodes, and nerves is the ___________.

submucosa

The pharynx is divided into __________ anatomical regions

three

Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body?

tongue

The major functions of the large intestine are to absorb water and electrolytes, to secrete mucus, and to form feces. true or false

true

The pancreas functions as both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland. True or False

true

How is the muscularis externa modified in the stomach?

There is an additional third oblique layer of smooth muscle.

______________ are fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption.

Villi

All of the following are regions of the stomach EXCEPT the ____________. a. neck b. body c. cardia d. fundus

a

Enzymatic breakdown of which of the following compounds doesn't begin until it reaches the stomach? a. proteins b. lipids c. carbs

a

Which of the following enzymes is important for breaking down protein? a. pepsin b. lipase c. amylase

a

The small intestine is specialized for .

absorption

Chief cells .

are gastric glands

At the corners of a liver lobule are found complexes formed of three tiny tubes. Which of these is not present in the complex? a. hepatic portal vein b. hepatic vein c. bile duct d. hepatic artery

b

To increase surface area for absorption, the apical surface of the jejunum epithelium has many folds and protrusions. Which of these is not one of them? a. plicae circulares b. lacteals c. microvilli d. villi

b

Which of the following enzymes is important for the digestion of fat? a. pancreatic amalyse b. lipase c. pepsin d. trypsin

b

What substance is released from the common hepatic duct?

bile

Components of the lymphoid system that are integrated within the digestive system include all except the __________. a. mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) b. pharyngeal tonsils c. lymph nodes d. vermiform appendix

c

The three divisions of the small intestine include all of these except the __________. a. duodenum b. jejunum c. cecum d. ileum

c

Weakening of digestive smooth muscle with age can promote __________. a. constipation b. hemorrhoids c. Any of these conditions can occur with age-related weakening of the digestive smooth muscle. d. inflammation of the haustra

c

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the large intestine? a. It has bands of muscle called the taenia coli. b. It has haustra. c. It is longer than the small intestine. d. It does not have villi.

c

Arrange the regions of the large intestine in the correct anatomical sequence.

cecum; transverse colon; sigmoid colon; rectum

Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by which cells of the stomach?

chief cells

What ligament suspends the liver from the diaphragm?

coronary ligament

What is the duct of the gallbladder?

cystic duct

Which bile duct leads into and out of the gallbladder?

cystic duct

Regulation of digestion depends on the __________. a. enteric nervous system b. endocrine system c. central nervous system d. All of these systems are important in the regulation of digestion.

d

The lining of the cheeks is __________. a. a stratified squamous b. epitheliumlines the buccal cavity c. called the buccal mucosa d. The lining of the cheeks has all of these properties.

d

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive tract? a. teeth b. pancreas c. liver d. spleen e. gallbladder

d

Which of these effects on digestion is not produced by the parasympathetic nervous system? a. increased peristalsis b. increased production of saliva c. increased mucus secretion d. decreased acid secretion

d

Which of the following functions occurs in the Large intestine?

Absorption of water and ions

_______________________ is a condition that occurs when the contents of the stomach are regurgitated into the esophagus

Acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD),

Which cells of the pancreas secrete exocrine digestive juices that contain digestive enzymes?

Acini cells

The sphincter that consists of two circular muscles and controls the emptying of fecal matter from the rectum is the ______________.

Anal sphincter