Chap 24 Prep-u

Moving a joint or extremity away from the midline of the body

Abduction

aerobic exercise promotes

Cardiovascular conditioning

Turning the body or a body part facing downward

Pronation

Turning the body or a body part to face upward

Supination

Anaerobic excercise=

endurance training. can't extract enough oxygen

Decreasing the angle between two bones

Flexion

Touching the thumb to each finger

Opposition

Client lays flat on back.Alternative for people on bed rest

Supine

A nurse performing range-of-motion exercises on a bedfast patient moves the patient's chin down onto the chest and then back to an upright position. The nurse then tilts the head as far as possible to each shoulder. What therapeutic movement is the nurse achieving with this exercise? Select all that apply. a) Dorsiflexion b) Extension c) Pronation d) Flexion e) Adduction

• Flexion • Extension

A nurse is working with a female client with osteoporosis on an exercise program. The nurse instructs the client to increase her tolerance gradually. The nurse determines that the teaching was effective when the client states which of the following? a) "My initial goal is to exercise every day of the week." b) "I need to avoid weight-bearing exercises." c) "Strength training will be of little benefit to me." d) "If I experience pain when I'm exercising, I should stop."

"If I experience pain when I'm exercising, I should stop."

A physician has directed a nurse to assist a client to perform exercises in order to prevent ankylosis. What type of exercise should the nurse assist the client with in this case? a) Continuous passive motion machine b) Range of motion exercises c) Active exercises d) Aerobic exercises

Range of motion exercises

A patient is preparing to mobilize for the first time following the surgical removal of a bunion on her left foot. How should the nurse instruct the patient to ambulate with her crutches? a) "Keep your elbows well away from your sides in order to keep yourself as stable as possible." b) "When you rise from a chair, use your left foot to stabilize yourself." c) "Keep your crutches as close as possible to your feet when you're walking." d) "Try to avoid putting too much pressure on your armpits with the tops of the crutches."

"Try to avoid putting too much pressure on your armpits with the tops of the crutches."

Moving joint or extremity toward the midline of the body

Adduction

When explaining the benefits of isotonic exercises to promote cardiorespiratory conditioning and increase lean muscle mass, which of the following exercises should the nurse tell the client to perform? a) Aerobic exercise b) Body building c) Weight lifting d) Push-ups

Aerobic exercise

A nurse is assisting a client to ambulate at the health care facility using a walking belt. How does the walking belt assist the client when ambulating? a) Allows the nurse to support the client b) Helps the client to practice ambulating c) Enables the client to stand and support body weight d) Aids the client in extending the leg

Allows the nurse to support the client

A nurse recommends a regular exercise program for a patient who has difficulty sleeping. The patient asks how this will help. How would the nurse respond? a) "Exercise can help you control your weight." b) "The fresh air will stimulate your metabolism." c) "Take my word for it. It sure helped me." d) "Improved sleep is one benefit of regular exercise."

Answer: "Improved sleep is one benefit of regular exercise." Explanation: Some of the most important benefits of regular exercise are psychological. Improved sleep is a benefit of regular exercise.

A group of nursing students are reviewing the aspects of motor function control by the nervous system. The students demonstrate understanding of this information when they identify which of the following as a function of the cerebellum? a) Coordination of movement motor activities b) Initiation of voluntary motor activity c) Transmissing of impulses to the spinal cord d) Inhibition with dampening of impulses

Answer: Coordination of movement motor activities Explanation: The cerebellum coordinates motor activities of movement. The cerebral cortex initiates voluntary motor activity. The pyramidal tract transmits impulses to the spinal cord. The extrapyramidal tract inhibits and dampens impulses.

A nurse is following a plan of care for passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises. What specifics will be included on the plan? a) Request family be available twice a day to perform ROM. b) Do ROM exercises two times a day, each exercise two to five times. c) Move each joint until the patient complains of pain. d) Ask the patient to demonstrate ROM at 9 a.m. each day.

Answer: Do ROM exercises two times a day, each exercise two to five times. Explanation: Do not move joints to the point of pain. Passive ROM exercises should be done twice a day, with each exercise carried out two to five times.

An 80-year-old patient experienced dysphagia (impaired swallowing) in the weeks following a recent stroke, but his care team wishes to now begin introducing minced and pureed food. How should the nurse best position the patient?

Answer: High-Fowler's Explanation: A high-Fowler's position optimizes cardiac function and respiratory function in addition to being the best position for eating. The patient's risk of aspiration would be extreme in a supine position. Low-Fowler's and semi-Fowler's are synonymous, and this position does not aid swallowing as much as a high-Fowler's position.

A nurse is caring for an elderly client at a health care facility. What problem might a nurse observe in an elderly client as a result of age-related postural changes?

Answer: Limited or unsteady mobility

The nurse adjusts a patient's bed to a comfortable working height in order to turn a patient. What would be the nurse's next action? a) Move the patient to edge of the bed opposite the side that patient will be turning. b) Push the patient to the edge of the bed to which the patient will be turning. c) Push the patient to the opposite side of the bed. d) Pull the patient to the edge of the bed to which the patient will be turning.

Answer: Move the patient to edge of the bed opposite the side that patient will be turning.

A college student fell and sprained his right ankle. The student health physician recommends the student use crutches to facilitate healing. Which of the following would the nurse teach the student? a) The crutches should be as long as the student is tall. b) Walk fast and use long steps when using the crutches. c) The support of the body should be in the axilla. d) The support of the body should be the hands and arms.

Answer: The support of the body should be the hands and arms. Explanation: Teach the patient that the support of body weight should come primarily on the hands and arms when using the crutches, not in the axillary area, where pressure may damage nerves and cut off circulation.

A nurse is ambulating a patient who has had a stroke. The patient has paresis on the right side of the upper body. Where would the nurse stand to walk the patient?

Answer: on the weak side

Which of the following ambulatory aids could a nurse suggest to assist a client who has weakness in one side of his body?

Cane

Moving a body part in widening circles

Circumduction

A nurse at a health care facility is caring for clients using crutches to ambulate. In which of the following clients would the nurse observe a four-point walking gait? a) Clients with amputated limbs who are learning to use prosthetic limbs b) Clients who have more coordination and balance c) Clients with one amputated, injured, or disabled extremity d) Clients with disabilities such as arthritis or cerebral palsy

Clients with disabilities such as arthritis or cerebral palsy

While performing passive range-of-motion exercises on the lower extremities of a patient with a spinal cord injury, the nurse assesses permanent flexion of the muscles. What term will the nurse use to document this finding related to the muscles? a) Contractures b) Atrophy c) Tonus d) Ankylosis

Contractures

A nurse is assessing the musculoskeletal system of a client during an initial visit to the clinic. The assessment reveals insufficient joint lubrication in the knees. The nurse documents this finding as which of the following? a) Crepitus b) Chorea c) Scoliosis d) Swelling

Crepitus

Turning the feet outward so toes point away from the midline

Eversion

An obstetrical nurse is preparing to help a patient up from her bed and to the bathroom 3 hours after the woman delivered her baby. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first? a) Position a walker in front of the patient to provide stability. b) Explain to the patient how the nurse will assist her. c) Have the patient stand for 30 seconds prior to walking. d) Enlist the assistance of another nurse or the physiotherapist.

Explain to the patient how the nurse will assist her.

Which of the following postural deformities might be assessed in a teenager? a) rickets b) scoliosis c) osteoporosis d) kyphosis Answer: scoliosis

Explanation: Scoliosis, a lateral curvature of the spine, would most likely be assessed in a teenager. Kyphosis and osteoporosis are seen in older adults. Rickets is seen in children.

Straightening a joint

Extension

A nurse uses proper body mechanics to move a patient up in bed. Which of the following is a guideline for using these techniques properly? a) Face the direction of movement. b) Keep feet together to provide a base of support. c) Keep body weight higher than center of gravity. d) Twist body at the waist when lifting.

Face the direction of movement

The nurse has asked the patient to grasp his overbed trapeze and pull his torso up off the surface of the bed. What movement will the patient perform with his arms? a) Abduction b) Flexion c) Adduction d) Dorsiflexion

Flexion

Sitting position raises the client's head 80 to 90 degrees. Improves cardiac output, promotes ventilation, and eases eating,talking and watching tv.

Fowler's

Moving a joint past normal extension

Hyperextension

The cardiac response to exercise is well-researched and documented. Which of the following is a cardiovascular response to regular exercise? a) Increased efficiency of the heart b) Decreased blood flow to all body parts c) Decreased circulation of fibrinolysin d) Increased heart rate and blood pressure

Increased efficiency of the heart

Turning the feet inward so toes point toward the mid line `

Inversion

Static excerise by which the patient tenses a muscle, holding it stationary while maintaining tension

Isometric

The nurse is preparing to move a patient using a powered full-body sling lift. Which of the following is a recommended action in this procedure? a) Lower the side rail on the side of the bed being worked on. b) Place the sling evenly on top of the patient. c) Lower the side rail on the opposite side of the bed being worked on. d) Roll the patient to the middle of the bed.

Lower the side rail on the side of the bed being worked on.

A nurse is caring for an inactive client and assisting the client in performing range-of-motion exercises. What care should the nurse take when performing range-of-motion exercises? a) Change the pattern of exercises each time b) Perform different movements with each extremity c) Place pillows and other positioning devices d) Move each joint until there is resistance but no pain

Move each joint until there is resistance but no pain

When assisting a client with ambulation using an assistive device such as parallel bars or a walking belt, what should the nurse observe the client for? a) Tone and strength of the muscles b) Upper arm strength c) Walking gait d) Pallor, weakness, or dizziness

Pallor, weakness, or dizziness

What term is used to document impaired muscle strength or weakness? a) paresis b) paralysis c) spasticity d) flaccidity

Paresis

A nurse is providing care for a patient who has been newly admitted to the long-term care facility. What is the primary criterion for the nurse's decision whether to use a mechanized assistive device for transferring the patient? a) The patient's body weight b) The patient's cognitive status c) The patient's ability to assist d) The patient's age

Patient's ability to assist

Client lays face down.Arms cushion head or may be flexed. After abdominal surgery and in clients with respiratory or spinal problems

Prone

The nurse is assisting a patient from the bed into a wheelchair. Which of the following is a recommended guideline for this procedure? a) Raise the head of the bed to a sitting position. b) Place the bed in the highest position. c) Put the chair at the foot of the bed. d) Make sure the bed brakes are unlocked.

Raise the head of the bed to a sitting postion

A nurse is caring for an athlete who has been provided with a cervical collar to immobilize the neck following a neck injury. What is the most important advantage of mechanical immobilization of a body part? a) Heals wounds and infected injuries b) Treats structural damage and deformity c) Allows movement while injuries heal d) Relieves pain and muscle spasm

Relieves pain and muscle spasm

A 60-year-old client who uses a walker to aid ambulation is being discharged from the health care facility. Which of the following changes should be made to the homes of older adults to increase safety? Select all that apply. a) Ensure that there are no electric cords in the passageway. b) Repaint the house to a color that promotes well-being. c) Add railings and grab bars to the bathrooms and entrance. d) Replace scatter rugs with secure mats. e) Ensure that all the rooms in the house are brightly lit.

Replace scatter rugs with secure mats. Ensure that there are no electric cords in the passageway. Add railings and grab bars to the bathrooms and entrance.

A nurse is performing a general physical assessment for a client. What is the most important thing the client can do to promote work endurance? a) Hold objects closer to the body b) Rest between periods of exertion c) Keep the feet apart when holding objects d) Twist and stretch muscles during work

Rest between periods of exertion

Turning a joint or extremity on its axis away from the body's midline

Rotation, external

Turning a joint or extremity on its axis toward the body's midline

Rotation, internal

Two nurses are moving a patient up in bed. What motion would the nurses use to counteract the patient's weight?

Shift their weight back and forth, from back leg to front leg

A nurse is demonstrating the proper use of body mechanics to a group of nursing students. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to do? a) Keep knees locked in position b) Stand with legs wide apart c) Hold objects away from the body d) Approach the work from the side

Stand with legs wide apart

You are helping a patient walk in the hallway when the patient suddenly reaches for the handrail and states, "I feel so weak. I think I am going to pass out." Which of the following initial actions by are appropriate? Select all that apply. a) Support the patient's body against yours and gently slide the patient onto the floor. b) Ask the patient to lean against the wall while you obtain a wheelchair. c) Apply oxygen and wait several minutes for the weakness to pass. d) Ask the patient, "When was the last time you ate?" e) Firmly grasp the patient's gait belt.

Support the patient's body against yours and gently slide the patient onto the floor

The nurse is assisting a patient with limited mobility to turn in bed. After successfully turning the patient to the side, where would the nurse place an additional pillow?

Supporting the back

The nurse is assisting with range-of-motion exercises for a patient who is on bed rest following surgery. How often would the nurse perform each range-of-motion exercise? a) One time b) Eight times c) Ten to twelve times d) Two to five times

Two to five times

A patient with a hip fracture is returning to the orthopedic unit, and the orders indicate that the patient should be turned by logrolling. What statement is correct regarding logrolling? a) Use a drawsheet or a friction-reducing sheet to facilitate smooth movement. b) Logrolling will maintain straight alignment when the patient is sitting in a chair. c) Logrolling can be performed by one experienced nurse. d) It is acceptable to twist the patient's head, but not the hips, while logrolling.

Use a draw sheet

Bedrest, with resultant immobility, affects the whole body. What is one effect on the musculoskeletal system? a) impaired gas exchange b) decreased sensory stimulation c) increased risk for contractures d) increased risk for venous thrombosis

increased risk for contractures