Chap 27

Rank the steps of a breast self-exam from first to last

1. Look at the breast in mirror with shoulders straight & arms on hips, look for changes 2. raise arms, look for changes 3. gently squeeze each nipple between finger & thumb, check for nipple discharge 4. feel breast lying down, using right hand to feel left breast and then left hand to feel right breast 5. feel breasts while standing or sitting

Rank the steps for the self-examination of the testes form the first to last.

1.place idex and middle fingers on underside of testicle and thumb on top. 2.gently roll the testicle between thumb and fingers 3.examine vas deferens 4.repeat the procedure for both sides

There are ___ pairs of both external intercostal muscles and internal intercostal muscles between the ribs.

11

Rib tip syndrome involves ribs ___.

8,9, and 10

Identify a method that has proved beneficial for relaxing the spasms of a stitch in the side.

A patient is instructed to stretch his or her arm on the affected side as high as possible

___ is a condition in which the acids secreted in the stomach destroy the mucous lining either in the stomach or in the small intestine.

A peptic ulcer

___ nipples occur as a result of a combination of cold and evaporation of sweat, which causes the nipples to become painful.

Bicyclist's

Liver secrets what?

Cholesterol

___ is a progressive disease of the liver that results in diffuse scarring and fibrosis and disruption of hepatic blood flow, which can eventually result in liver failure.

Cirrhosis

___ is a syndrome that occurs from a traumatic blunt impact to the chest, resulting in cardiac arrest.

Commotio cordis

A direct blow to the anterolateral aspect of the thorax, or a sudden twist, or falling on the ball, can compress the rib cage and can result most often in a:

Costochondral separation

___ is an inflammation or infection of the urinary bladder.

Cystitis

___ occurs when there is a backward flow of the acidic gastric contents into the esophagus, usually due to a malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

description of Stertor

Harsh, discontinuous, crackling sounds

The condition in which an athlete takes a violent blow or compression to the chest, without any accompanying rib fracture and presents with severe pain during breathing, coughing up of blood, and shock is known as:

Hemothorax

___ is the presence of blood within the pleural cavity.

Hemothorax

A protrusion of the abdominal viscera through a portion of the abdominal wall is called a(n):

Hernia

___ ___ is the most likely cause of spleen enlargement.

Infectious mononucleosis

Diaphragm

Inferior border of rib cage; xiphoid process; the costal cartilages; adn the lumbar vertebrae

external intercostals origin

Inferior border of ribs and costal cartilages

Internal intercostals origin

Inner surface of ribs and costal cartilages

Identify a true statement about the liver.

It secretes bile

Pain that radiates to the left shoulder and one-third of the way down the left arm is displaying:

Kehr's sign for a ruptured spleen

People with ___ have an abnormality of the connective tissue that results in a weakening of the structure of the aorta and cardiac valves, which can lead to a rupture of either a valve or the aorta itself.

Marfan's syndrome

Identify a true statement about the thoracic muscles

The external intercostals elevate the diaphragm during inspiration

Which of the following is a true statement about the abdominal viscera?

The hollow organs include vessels, tubes, and receptables, such as the stomach, intestines, gallbladder, and urinary bladder.

The kidneys are situated on each side of the spine. Pressure from the liver causes:

The right kidney to be lower

Identify a true statement about inguinal hernias

They occur in the groin area

The muscle responsible for holding the abdominal contents in place and aiding in forced expiration is the:

Transversus abdominis

An excess of fluid accumulation caused by a severe blow to the testicular region is characteristic of:

Traumatic hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis

T or F: One way to prevent injury to hollow organs is to empty them prior to competition.

True

In ___, there is scarring, thickening, or stiffening of the aortic valve.

aortic sclerosis

A blow to the sympathetic ___ plexus (solar plexus) produces a transitory paralysis of the diaphragm.

celiac

The primary function of the muscles that originate on the thorax is ___.

controlling movement of the scapula

A direct blow to the anterolateral aspect of the thorax or an indirect blow from a sudden twist or fall that compresses the rib cage most often results in a ___.

costochondral separation

description of Rales

crackling or bubbling sounds

The ___ is a large, dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

diaphragm

Identify the hormones secreted by the adrenal glands

epinephrine norepinephrine cortisol estrogen aldosterone androgen

The ___ muscle is a broad, thin muscle that arises from slips attached to the borders of the lower eight ribs.

external oblique

A "stitch in the side" is often caused by a blow to the sympathetic celiac plexus producing a cramp-like pain over the diaphragm.

false

An indirect rib fracture can cause the most serious damage, because the bone fragments often displace inwardly rather than simply compressing on each other.

false

T or F: Constant uncontrolled movement of the breast over a period of time can stretch Poupart's ligament, which supports the breast at the chest wall.

false

T or F: Hyperventilation occurs when an athlete is getting an inadequate amount of oxygen into his/her system and CO2 levels are too high.

false

The appendix can be palpated in the lower left quadrant of the abdomen.

false

True or False: Organs in the abdominal cavity are not part of the urinary system.

false

True or false: Epididymis is an excess fluid accumulation caused by a severe blow to the testicular region.

false

True or false: the thymus is located in the thorax just posterior to and below the heart.

false

8,9,and 10 are what ribs

false ribs

A(n) ___ ___ involves a fracture of three or more consecutive ribs on the same side.

flail chest

11 and 12 are what ribs

floating ribs

The external oblique muscle has a line of action that runs:

forward and downward

A rupture of the venous plexus on the posterior aspect of a testicle results in a rapid accumulation of blood in the scrotum, called a(n) ___.

hematocele

The ___ muscle forms the anterior and lateral aspects of the abdominal wall.

internal oblique

The ___ muscle runs principally in an obliquely upward direction to the cartilages of the 10th, 11th, and 12th ribs on each side.

internal oblique

Identify the causes of constipation.

lack of peristalsis overuse of laxatives and enemas

___ is a change that occurs in the hearts of individuals with athletic heart syndrome.

longer diastolic filling time

In ___, the mitral valve does not close completely when the left ventricle contracts, allowing blood to flow back into the left atrium.

mitral valve prolapse

The abnormal periodic sounds that occur in auscultation of the heart are called ___.

murmurs

Thoracic breathing

occurs without diaphragmatic breathing

Apneustic breathing

pauses at full inspiration

The ___ ___ is a potential space where the peritoneal layers face each other and secrete a lubricating serous fluid that reduces any friction resulting from the movement, allowing the abdominal organs to move freely.

peritoneal cavity

A technique to help reduce testicular pain following contusion is to ___

place patient in a kneeling position and have him bounce up and down.

The ___ muscle is attached to the rib cage above and to the pubis below.

rectus abdominis

description of Ronchi

resembles snoring

When percussion is performed, a hollow organ, such as a lung, produces a ___ sound.

resonant

___ kidney are the stomach, spleen, pancreas, and small and large intestines.

resting anterior to the left

___ can cause urethritis.

spermicide in condoms

The danger associated with a ruptured spleen is its ability to ___.

splint itself and then produce a delayed hemorrhage

Bright red frothy blood being vomiited may indicate injury to which of the following structures?

stomach

The contraction of the chambers of the heart is referred to as ___.

systole

The main functions of the ___ muscles are to hole the abdominal contents in place and to aid in forced expiration.

transversus abdominis

T or F: A strangulated hernia occurs when the inguinal ring constricts the protruding sac and occludes normal blood circulation.

true

T or F: In the abdominopelvic cavity, the abdominal and pelvic cavities are separated by a thin, double-layer membrane called the pleura.

true

T or F: Testicular torsion occurs when the spermatic cord twists in the scrotum, impairing the blood supply to the testicle.

true

T or F: The function of the liver is to mature lymphocytes into T cells, which migrate to other lymphatic tissues to respond to foreign substances.

true

T or F: There must be some time between contraction of the atria and contraction of the ventricles to allow for the ventricle to fill with blood.

true

The external intercostal muscles draw ribs together and aid in expiration.

true

The liver can be contused by a hard blow to the right side of the rib cage.

true

The thoracic cavity is the portion of the body commonly known as the ___, which lies between the base of the neck and the diaphragm.

chest

A twisting of the spermatic cord may present the characteristic of:

Appearance of a cluster of swollen veins with a dragging feeling in the scrotum

___ syndrome involves both structural and functional changes that occur in the hearts of individuals who train for greater than 1 hour on most days.

Athletic heart

___ involves the dislodgement of relatively large portions of plaques from arteries in the extremities, which then migrate as an embolus of sufficient size to occlude a major coronary artery.

Peripheral artery disease

___ is a condition in which the pleural cavity becomes filled with air that has entered though an opening in the chest.

Pneumothorax

Identify the location of the heart

The adult heart lies under the sternum

Identify a true statement about the steps that can be taken to prevent injuries to the thorax and abdomen.

Urination immediately before taking part in sport activities is essential

___ is an abnormality in cardiac rhythm which manifests itself as ventricular tachycardia.

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

The trachea branches into right and left primary bronchi, which branch into smaller divisions and ultimately terminate in clusters of air sacs called ___ within the lungs.

alveoli

Identify the measures to eliminate discomfort for a patient with hemorrhoids.

apply tannic acid and ingesting 1 tablespoon of mineral oil daily

Identify the sounds listened to through auscultation

breathing sounds bowel sounds

1 through 7 are what ribs

true ribs

The ___ are small tubes that extend inferiorly from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, which stores urine.

ureters

True or false: The heart muscle consists of 6 chambers

4

Adrenal glands secrete what?

Androgen

Identify a true statement about appendicitis.

Bacterial infection is a complication of rupture of an inflamed appendix

Pancreas secrets what?

Glucagon

Identify the causes of urethritis.

The herpes virus & Chlamydia

T or F: It is not possible to fracture a rib by coughing or sneezing.

false

A(n) ___ refers to the protrusion of abdominal viscera through a portion of the abdominal wall>

hernia