Chap 3

Damage to the basal ganglia would most likely result in ____. a. a movement disorder b. problems with visual perception c. problems with auditory perception d. a loss of pain sensation

a. a movement disorder

The central nervous system is composed of the ____. a. brain and spinal cord b. nerves outside the brain and spinal cord exclusively c. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems d. somatic and autonomic nervous systems

a. brain and spinal cord

A function of the cerebrospinal fluid is to ____. a. cushion the brain b. hold blood in reserve for emergencies c. maintain the blood-brain barrier d. synthesize neurotransmitters

a. cushion the brain

Cell bodies of motor neurons would most likely be found in ____. a. gray matter b. white matter c. the dorsal roots d. the tracts

a. gray matter

A group of forebrain structures is important for motivated and emotional behavior. What term refers to this group of structures? a. limbic system b. reticular formation c. tegmentum d. basal ganglia

a. limbic system

In which area of the brain would one find the tectum, tegmentum, superior and inferior colliculi, and substantia nigra? a. midbrain b. hindbrain c. reticular formation d. forebrain

a. midbrain

Which structure receives input from the hypothalamus and basal ganglia and sends axons that release acetylcholine to widespread areas in the cerebral cortex? a. nucleus basilis b. reticular formation c. spinal cord d. amygdala

a. nucleus basilis

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most important for visual information? a. occipital b. parietal c. temporal d. frontal

a. occipital

Together, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system make up the ____ nervous system. a. peripheral b. central c. sympathetic d. dorsal

a. peripheral

By both neural and hormonal pathways, the hypothalamus regulates activity of the ____. a. pituitary gland b. thalamus c. retina d. ventricles

a. pituitary gland

A stereotaxic instrument would most likely be used for ____. a. placing an electrode in the brain b. assessing regional blood flow c. testing reflexes d. measuring blood pressure

a. placing an electrode in the brain

What is the primary target area in the cortex for information regarding muscle-stretch and joint receptors? a. primary somatosensory cortex b. occipital lobe c. central sulcus d. precentral gyrus

a. primary somatosensory cortex

One function of the thalamus is to ____. a. relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex b. regulate sleep cycles c. direct the secretions of the hypothalamus d. moderate emotional outbursts

a. relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex

After damage to the dorsal roots of the spinal cord, an individual will suffer what kind of loss? a. sensation from the affected body area b. control of the peripheral muscles in the affected body area c. control of organs in the affected body area d. sensation of the muscles on the opposite side of the body

a. sensation from the affected body area

The spinal cord communicates with ____. a. sense organs and muscles below the level of the head b. all sense organs and muscles in the human body c. the dorsal root ganglia only d. the ventral root ganglia only

a. sense organs and muscles below the level of the head

The sweat glands, adrenal glands, and muscles that constrict blood vessels have input from only the ____ nervous system. a. sympathetic b. parasympathetic c. central d. dorsal root

a. sympathetic

Which part of the nervous system prepares the body for "fight or flight" activities? a. sympathetic b. somatic c. parasympathetic d. peripheral

a. sympathetic

Superior colliculus is to ____ as inferior colliculus is to ____. a. vision; hearing b. taste; smell c. vision; touch d. touch; hearing

a. vision; hearing

Which method is dependent upon injecting a radioactive chemical into the blood to measure blood flow? a. fMRI b. PET c. CAT d. magnetic stimulation

b. PET

The nucleus basalis is a key part of the brain's system for ____. a. emotional response b. attention c. visual perception d. auditory perception

b. attention

Which structure is likely to be damaged in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and other conditions that impair movement? a. thalamus b. basal ganglia c. limbic system d. reticular formation

b. basal ganglia

Olfactory information is processed by the ____. a. thalamus via the olfactory bulbs b. cortex via the olfactory bulbs c. spinal cord d. medulla

b. cortex via the olfactory bulbs

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the ____. a. spinal cord b. dorsal root ganglia c. white matter d. ventral roots

b. dorsal root ganglia

Research indicates that the behavioral effects of the cerebellum may be due to its role in ____. a. coordinating information from left and right hemispheres b. focusing attention and organizing sensory inputs c. interpreting visual stimuli d. coordinating the release of hormones

b. focusing attention and organizing sensory inputs

Which part of the cerebral cortex is most important for the sense of touch? a. occipital lobe b. parietal lobe c. temporal lobe d. frontal lobe

b. parietal lobe

The "binding problem" is the issue of how we ____. a. convert sensory information into a pattern that produces movement b. perceive visual, auditory and other aspects of a stimulus as a single object c. transfer information between the left and right hemispheres d. communicate between word comprehension and word production areas of the brain

b. perceive visual, auditory and other aspects of a stimulus as a single object

Women on the average have a greater density of neurons in part of the ____. a. hippocampus b. temporal lobe c. frontal lobe d. gray matter

b. temporal lobe

Cortical blindness may result from the destruction of ____. a. any part of the cortex b. the occipital cortex c. the parietal cortex d. the central sulcus

b. the occipital cortex

Acetylcholine is the only neurotransmitter released by ____. a. the sympathetic nervous system's postganglionic synapses b. the parasympathetic nervous system's postganglionic axons c. intrinsic neurons in the spinal cord d. intrinsic neurons of the hippocampus

b. the parasympathetic nervous system's postganglionic axons

The prefrontal cortex is important for ____. a. the processing of visual information b. working memory c. language acquisition d. recognizing faces

b. working memory

How many pairs of cranial nerves do humans have? a. 8 b. 10 c. 12 d. 16

c. 12

Evoked potentials in the brain are most likely to be detected by a(n) ____. a. CAT scan b. MRI c. EEG d. PET scan

c. EEG

If you could selectively damage the individual laminae of the cortex, damage to which layer would most likely affect visual sensation? a. Layer IV of the temporal cortex b. Layer V of the occipital cortex c. Layer IV of the occipital cortex d. Layer II of the frontal cortex

c. Layer IV of the occipital cortex

Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by the parasympathetic nervous system? a. dopamine b. serotonin c. acetylcholine d. norepinephrine

c. acetylcholine

Sympathetic ganglia ____. a. are located inside the spinal cord b. act more independently than do parasympathetic ganglia c. are closely linked and often act as a single system d. have short postganglionic fibers extending to internal organs

c. are closely linked and often act as a single system

Sympathetic is to ____ as parasympathetic is to ____. a. the central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system b. voluntary behavior; involuntary behavior c. arousal; relaxation d. neurotransmitters; hormones

c. arousal; relaxation

What structure is composed of the medulla, pons, the midbrain, and certain central structures of the forebrain? a. limbic system b. thalamus c. brain stem d. cerebellum

c. brain stem

The medulla controls a number of reflexes through ____. a. the midbrain b. the forebrain c. cranial nerves d. skeletal nerves

c. cranial nerves

A cross section of the spinal cord indicates that gray matter is ____. a. densely packed with myelinated axons b. composed mostly of unmyelinated axons c. densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites d. composed only of dendrites

c. densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites

Which plane shows brain structures as they would be seen from above? a. coronal b. sagittal c. horizontal d. commuter

c. horizontal

The pituitary gland synthesizes and releases hormones ____. a. to the outside of the body b. to the thalamus c. into the bloodstream d. to the hypothalamus

c. into the bloodstream

The large-scale integration problem is the difficulty of ____. a. getting the different parts of the brain to physically connect during development b. understanding how neurons work c. knowing how the areas of your brain work together to create a combined perception d. how more than one person can perceive the same object at the same time

c. knowing how the areas of your brain work together to create a combined perception

As axons from the spinal cord enter the skull, which structure do they enter? a. midbrain b. forebrain c. medulla d. cerebellum

c. medulla

Meningitis is an inflammation of the ____. a. cerebrospinal fluid b. glia c. membranes surrounding the brain d. medulla oblongata

c. membranes surrounding the brain

Membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord are called ____. a. CSF b. ventricles c. meninges d. hydrocephali

c. meninges

What is the primary area of the cerebral cortex for auditory sensations? a. occipital b. parietal c. temporal d. frontal

c. temporal

Which lobe contributes most to the perception of movement and recognition of faces? a. occipital lobe b. parietal lobe c. temporal lobe d. frontal lobe

c. temporal lobe

Which structure provides the main source of input to the cerebral cortex? a. limbic system b. medulla c. thalamus d. hypothalamus

c. thalamus

Computerized axial tomography creates an image from ____. a. microwaves b. infrared rays c. x-rays d. gamma rays

c. x-rays

How does the method of transcranial magnetic stimulation of brain areas differ from magnetic inactivation? a. Brain activation results from long, intense magnetic stimulation. b. Brain inactivation results from mild, brief magnetic stimulation. c. Brain inactivation results as the magnets are simply reversed. d. Brain activation results from mild, brief magnetic stimulation.

d. Brain activation results from mild, brief magnetic stimulation.

Which division of the nervous system consists of neurons that control the heart, intestines, and other organs? a. internal b. afferent c. somatic d. autonomic

d. autonomic

If one structure is on the left side of the body and another is on the right, they are said to be ____ to each other. a. medial b. lateral c. ipsilateral d. contralateral

d. contralateral

Each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex receives most of its input from the ____ side of the body and controls the muscles on the ____ side. a. contralateral; ipsilateral b. ipsilateral; contralateral c. ipsilateral; ipsilateral d. contralateral; contralateral

d. contralateral; contralateral

The hindbrain consists of the ____. a. tectum, tegmentum, and reticular formation b. thalamus and hypothalamus c. spinal cord and cranial nerves d. medulla, pons, and cerebellum

d. medulla, pons, and cerebellum

The cerebellum contributes to the control of what function? a. hunger b. temperature c. olfaction d. movement

d. movement

Sympathetic is to ____ as parasympathetic is to ____. a. serotonin; dopamine b. dopamine; serotonin c. acetylcholine; norepinephrine d. norepinephrine; acetylcholine

d. norepinephrine; acetylcholine

Where would you find the dorsal root ganglia? a. at the base of the brain b. in the gray matter of the spinal cord c. in the white matter of the spinal cord d. outside, but near, the spinal cord

d. outside, but near, the spinal cord

Secretions from which gland will also affect the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and ovaries or testes? a. thymus gland b. salivary gland c. pineal gland d. pituitary gland

d. pituitary gland

The nuclei for most of the cranial nerves are located in the ____. a. cerebral cortex b. hypothalamus c. midbrain d. pons and medulla

d. pons and medulla

Prefrontal lobotomies were conducted in the United States in an attempt to ____. a. restore memory b. restrain prisoners c. treat severe obesity d. treat severe psychiatric disorders

d. treat severe psychiatric disorders