chap 3&6

which option is the most valid criticism of Watson and Rayners work with little Albert

it would be unethical by todays standards

Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning?

knowing that a student fears exams the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day. every exam day to see how long is it before the red shirt becomes the object of fear to the student

Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?

no sensation to his legs and feet

the space between two neurons is called the

synapse

which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?

checking your email at random times throughout the day instead of every time you hear the new email notification

Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light.

cognitive map

which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse

collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release

the theory of states that organisms that are better for their environment will survive and reproduce while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off

evolution by natural selection

Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?

fmri. functional magnetic resonance imaging

Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish?

groan and move her eyes

is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels

homeostasis

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate

latent learning

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________.

model

Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?

motor skill decifits in the left side of her body

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.

negative reinforcementASA

Henry Gustav molaison had brain surgery for which of the following reasons

severe seizures

Although B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson refused to believe that thoughts and expectations play a role in learning, ________ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning.

Edward tolman

which statement about bf skinner is correct

He is famous for demonstrating the principle of operant conditioning: the motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstraited

main idea of social learning theory

One can learn new behaviors by observing others

Which is the main type of chemical messengers secreted by the male gonads?

androgens

the myelin sheath is made from

axons

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

continuous

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

dopamine; norepinephrine

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

emotion can be a conditioned response

the theory explains that immediate associations involved in a conditioned taste aversion are a result of adaptation that helps us learn to avoid foods that are potentially harmful

evolutionary

Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________.

evolutionary psychologists

what do psychologists call a relatively permeant change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

learning

Hyperpolarization

membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential

people who have their cops callous served for medical reason would be able to tell you about which images shown to

only the right visual field

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

operant conditioning

in reinforcement the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is preformed

partial

according to psychologist classical conditioning is effective because of the ability of a person or animal to predict the relationship between the USC and the CS

rescoria

gus receives a paycheck every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

fixed interval

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain.

folds grooves

which of the following is an example of a reflex

the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

a particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron sufficient to generate an action potential. if the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled the action potential will

undergo no change in strength, speed or duration

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________.

after seeing a television character for taking violent action against another character

is known for using Little Albert in his studies on human emotion.

John b Watson

the central nervous system consists of

brain and spinal cord

which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex

breathing

form of learning that involves connecting certain stimuli or events that occur together in the environment (classical and operant conditioning)

associative learning

which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

babe saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list.

his a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation

beta endorphin

which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain

brocca s area

Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans backward slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this?

observational

asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with the genes to determine where in that range we will fall

range of reaction

after a hurricane warning came across the television young Eli became terrified of the alarm sound that signaled a severe weather warning. over the next few months he heard it several times when the "required monthly tests" came on the television and his fear faded away. this return of the previously extinguished a response called

spontaneous recovery

Jeremy has Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood, and he feels the need to smoke more cigarettes than he used to. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.

substantia nigra; dopamine

the somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing

tempurature touch and pain