Driving School Unit One (Finished)

HTS

Highway Transportation System Sub-system of the National Transportation System, made up of people, vehicles, and roadways

factors that make up the HTS

The number of people and goods moved The time it takes for movement Collisions that interrupt movement Cost factors

Value of driver education

Foundation for safe driving practices Teaches a combination of tasks Exposes drivers to different environments Explains basic car control, maneuvers and maintenance Is a continuous process of learning

Smith System for defensive driving

Aim high keep your eyes moving get the big picture make sure others see you leave yourself a way out

Reducing Risks in the HTS (strategies)

Apply visual skills Identify situations Judge time-space relationships Coordinate eye-hand-foot movements Obey traffic laws Properly time all responses.

Primary Documents

Birth certificate, certified copy of court order, concealed weapons permit, offenders release identification card, state issued learners permit, United States Citizenship and Immigration services documents and Passport

Organ donation

Can save up to eight lives or enhance others Over 100 million people in the U.S have signed up to be an organ doner Teens in ohio may register when getting their temps, however they the consent of a parent or guardian.

Important skills needed to safely use the HTS

Decision making skills - mental judgements associated with driving Physical skills - actual operation of the vehicle Social skills- ability to interact safely with others.

Driver license (age 17)

Drivers 17 years of age may not driver between the hours of 1:00am and 5:00 am, unless accompanied by a parent or guardian, or in an emergency situation, or when driving to or from school or work

Three general categories that contribute to crashes

Driving error (Human) - abt. 90% of the time and involves driver action like speeding and violating traffic laws or driver condition, such as being under the influence of drugs, inattentive behavior, age or poor decision making Mechanical failure (vehicle factor) - about 4% of the time and includes failures in the vehicle or its design. Roadway condition (Roadway environment) About 15% of the time and includes roadway design, roadside hazards and roadway conditions Generally: Human Factors > Roadway environments > Vehicle factors

Reducing risk in the HTS system

Graduated Driver Licensing: Allows young drivers to improve their skills and driving habits, and restricts nighttime driving, when most teen driver accidents occur. Supervised Experience: Novice drivers are required to complete 8 hours of behind the wheel training by a licensed instructor and an additional 50 hours of in car practice with a parent or guardian. Graduated licensing programs that grant privileges to new drivers in phases dramatically reduce the rate of teen driver fatal crashes as found in three studies. The studies also found that the greatest reductions in young driver crashes were seen in the states that had adopted graduated driver licensing laws in combination with mandatory seat belt laws or laws requiring a loss of the driver's license as a penalty for possession or use of alcohol by youth aged 20 or younger. + limiting driving at night or with teenaged passengers.

Novice drivers compared to experienced drivers

Have difficulty in gap judgement and closure speed assessment Limit scanning of the driving environment to smaller areas Collect and utilize less information from peripheral vision Target closer to the front of the motor vehicle User mirrors less frequently to obtain visual information Have trouble identifying distant hazards Associate non-moving factors higher in hazard determinations Have difficulty assimilating diverse information when driving Underestimate risk of crash involvement Have fewer responses (based upon lack of experience) to draw from in determining an appropriate driving response to a critical hazard.

Rules for the suspension of TIPIC and probationary drivers license

If a probationary license holder, who is 16 years of age is convicted of a traffic violation within the first six months of being licensed, the licenses holder may be required to have a parent or legal guardian drive with them for six months or until the license holder turns 17 years of age whichever comes first TIPIC holders and probationary license holders may face other mandatory license suspensions if they are convicted of multiple traffic offenses prior to their 18th birthday TIPIC holders and probationary license holder who are convicted of certain alcohol related violations will be suspended for at least six months. If the offender is not yet 15 years and six months, the offender will not be eligible for a TIPIC until the age of 16

Driver license (age 16)

License holders 16 years of age may not operate a motor vehicle with more than one person who is not a family member in the vehicle, unless the license holder's parent, guardian, or legal custodian is also in the vehicle. Drivers 16 years of age may not driver between the hours of midnight and 6 am unless accompanied by a parent or guardian or in an emergency situation, or when driving to or from a school activity or work

Important aspects of the S.E.E

Line of sight, Path of travel, or Area Changes Clear opposite area or areas for speed or position adjustments

Temporary permit

May be obtained at the age 15 years and 6 months of age For a driver under 16, a licensed parent, guardian or driving instructor must be present and seated beside the driver at all times. A temporary permit must be held for at least 6 months before obtaining a license, if a driver is under 18. Permit holders under age 18 may not driver between midnight and 6am unless accompanied by a parent, guardian, or legal custodian who holds a valid license Permit holders age 16 and above may drive only with a licensed driver 21 or over.

Government agencies involved in HTS

Ohio State Highway Patrol Sheriff and Municipal Police Departments Court system Ohio Department of Transportation Ohio Department of Education Ohio Department of Public Safety Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles Emergency Medical Services Ohio Department of Health Office of Criminal Justice Services

Maneuverability test

Points are deducted for: Stopping to check progress Bumping markers Misguiding stopping distance Not parallel with test area

The S.E.E. (Space management system)

Search - Includes a systematic search pattern that describes what to look for, how to look for it and where to look. Evaluate - Includes risk potential of closed or changing areas and risk potential of alternative area of travel. Execute - includes speed and lane position changes without losing control.

Multiple Causation Theory

Series of events or occurrences which lento collision A collision is the result of several factors combined.

Driving test

Stopping and Starting Turning around and backing up Making proper left and right turns Giving hand signals or using mechanical turn signals Driving in the proper lane Maintaining a safe following distance. Remember: buckle your seat belt and keep both hands on the steering wheel while testing

2012 Statistics about the HTS

System comprises 4 million miles of public roads There are estimated 254 registered passenger vehicles in the United States There are about 191 million licensed drivers About 2 billion miles are traveled per year Apron 45,000 fatalities on highways each year.

Statistics related to novice driver performance

Teenagers are responsible for five times as many crash deaths per license holder as drivers 35 - 64 years old 16- tear old male drivers have the highest fatal crash rate, which is give times higher than the crash rate for drivers 30-59 years of age In 2011, 10 percent of all drivers involved in fatal crashes were between 15-20 years old. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for 15-20 year olds.

Information processing and lack of experience

The key capability that expense provides is the ability to identify and appropriately respond to potential hazards by processing information from a large number of sources. Additionally, experience affords drivers the opportunity to overcome traffic scene scanning deficiencies. Drivers can begin to anticipate hazards and the range of possible driving responses. This process become more refined as driving experience increases.

Key factors in novice driver error

The maintenance of sufficient safety margins to the front, rear, and sides of the motor vehicle. Often overestimate their abilities related to vehicle control and the assessment of critical hazards in the driving scene how to solve: increasing safety margins, providing the novice driver with increased space to compensate for knowledge and experience deficiencies.

Ohio Graduated Driver Licensing program

Three stages of licensure: temporary instruction permit, probationary drivers license and full privilege driver license. Each stage includes specific components and restrictions to introduce driving privileges gradually to beginning drivers. Modeled after the standard developed by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and includes the following components for license holders under the age of 18: a driving curfew requirement to hold a learner's permit for six months requirement for driver training and behind the wheel instruction requirement for 50 hours of driving time ( at least ten of which are at night) with a parent or guardian reduction in the number of allowed vehicle occupants, which cannot exceed the number of installed safety belts increased suspension penalties for young drivers

High speed risk analysis

Two landmark research studies indicate that restraint use among younger novice drivers tends to be below the average for restraint use among other driving populations. (Lund, 1986 and Jonah, 1986) - Increases risk of crash involvement for novice drivers

Risk

exposure to danger, harm or loss.

Reasons for young driver accident rate

lack of maturity lack of driving experience increased risk taking lack go night driving experiences exposure to alcohol and other drugs peer pressure passenger distraction

Novice drivers

limited or no driving experience and posses basic knowledge, familiarity with, and operation of a motor vehicle

HTS motor vehicle crashes

number 1 cause of death for all persons age 3 to 34 and traffic fatalities account for nearly 95% of all transportation related fatalities. Economic losses due to motor vehicle crashes cost the nation approx $230.6 billion annually - average of $820 per person. A high percentage of all fatal crashes national occurred on roads with posted speed limits of 55 mph or more. Crashes on city streets typically occur at intersections due to lane changing, running or jumping lights, etc., while crashes on expressways are mainly caused by tailgating or following too closely

SIPDE process

search systematically within your senses identify important traffic clues predict actions as hazardous decide your actions execute your decision

Perception of hazards and risks.

the application of perceptual skills to identify potential and immediate hazards while driving in order to assist in objective and subjective risk assessments for the purpose of adapting driving behavior to the driving environment.