Chap 4 The Principles of Design

How does an artist's use of directional forces differ from the use of emphasis and subordination in a work of art? A Directional forces create a path around the work of art. B Directional forces are used in dynamic and expressive works of art. C Directional forces rely on contrast and position to highlight the focal point. D Directional forces draw the viewer's eye to neutral areas of lesser importance.

A Directional forces create a path around the work of art.

How did Goya evoke a sense of motion on the part of the bullfighter in The Agility and Daring of Juanito Apinani? A He placed the bullfighter on the intersection of the diagonal axes. B He depicted the bullfighter in sharp light and dark contrasts. C He depicted the bullfighter perpendicular to the pole. D He depicted the bullfighter swinging on a pole.

A He placed the bullfighter on the intersection of the diagonal axes.

What was the reason Matisse took so many photographs of his drawings for Large Reclining Nude? A He was interested in documenting how design could affect a final work that began with a naturalistic drawing. B It made it easier for him to keep track of the changes he made. C It was standard practice for artists to photograph their work in process. D He needed the photographs for a book he was writing.

A He was interested in documenting how design could affect a final work that began with a naturalistic drawing.

How did the addition of horizontal lines to the couch change Henri Matisse's final version of Large Reclining Nude? A It reduced downward directional force. B It added pattern and contrast. C It altered the proportions of the figure. D It created visual rhythm in the image.

A It reduced downward directional force.

How do the tall green seats provide unity in Jacob Lawrence's Going Home? A They create visual a visual theme across the composition. B They serve as a focal point for the viewer. C Their symmetry connotes permanence and poise. D They balance the composition.

A They create visual a visual theme across the composition.

Artists use contrast, color intensity, position, and size to create A emphasis on a specific area of the work. B symmetry in the work. C unity and variety in the work. D a diagonal force in the work.

A emphasis on a specific area of the work.

The distorted proportions of the Roettgen Pietà adds to its A expressive effect. B sense of balance. C naturalism. D visual unity.

A expressive effect.

Where does Peter de Hooch use repetition as an organizing principle in Interior of a Dutch House? A in the rectangular shapes that form the floor tiles B in the even number of figures C in the similar clothing worn by the figures D in the various sizes of rectangles used for the fireplace, windows, paintings, and maps.

A in the rectangular shapes that form the floor tiles

What is the design principle for creating a neutral area that does not distract from the area of emphasis? A subordination B unity and variety C contrast D directional forces

A subordination

What element moves our eye toward the empty panel on the left of Ogata Korin's Cranes? A the directional force of the birds' heads B the subordination in the color of the birds' feathers C the scale of the birds in relation to the height of the screen D the contrast of the gold background color

A the directional force of the birds' heads

What element creates unity in I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold? A the number 5 B the focal point C the color red D the diagonal lines

A the number 5

A person typically experiences scale in relation to A the size of his or her body. B the size of the room. C other artworks surrounding an object. D smaller details within a work of art.

A the size of his or her body.

What is one visual clue that Edgar Degas uses In Jockeys Before the Race to move the viewer's attention to the left side of the canvas? A the sun B the large horse C the jockey's white jacket D the pole

A the sun

The use of pattern in Pieter de Hooch's Interior of a Dutch House demonstrates which design principle? A unity and variety B emphasis and subordination C scale and proportion D balance

A unity and variety

How does the change in the scale of the "5" function in Charles Demuth's I Saw The Figure 5 in Gold? A It provides greater color contrast. B It draws the viewer deeper into the painting. C It forces the viewer's attention on the picture plane. D It moves the viewer's eye around the painting.

B It draws the viewer deeper into the painting.

What distinguishes the use of balance in sculpture from its use in painting? A Sculptural balance is usually symmetrical. B Sculpture must consider balance for structural purposes. C Sculpture relies on balance as a way to engage the viewer. D Sculpture achieves balance through maintaining scale and proportion.

B Sculpture must consider balance for structural purposes.

Why do many public buildings employ symmetrical balance in their designs? A Symmetrical balance allows for the most efficient use of space. B Symmetrical balance suggests stability and permanence. C Symmetrical balance promotes quick and economical construction. D Symmetrical balance is associated with divine power.

B Symmetrical balance suggests stability and permanence.

Why is it possible for a small yellow form to balance a large blue form? A Small forms appear heavier than large forms. B Warm colors appear heavier than cool colors. C Cool colors appear heavier than warm colors. D Large forms appear heavier than small forms.

B Warm colors appear heavier than cool colors.

What design principle does Damien Hirst's Posterity—The Holy Place perfectly exemplify? A emphasis and subordination B balance C directional forces D contrast

B balance

Which term refers to the organization of visual elements in a painting or a photograph? A unity B composition C balance D format

B composition

The more variety in a work of art, the more the artist A scale the work up to make it bigger. B has to introduce orderly elements. C can charge for the work. D has to make preliminary drawings.

B has to introduce orderly elements.

What is one design principle that Matisse addressed with the netlike patterns on the couch and framing edges of his painting Large Reclining Nude? A directional forces B rhythm and repetition C symmetrical balance D scale and proportion

B rhythm and repetition

What design principle is obviously distorted to create greater impact in Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen's Shuttlecocks? A symmetry B scale C proportion D unity

B scale

Which detail in Titian's Noli Me Tangere best demonstrates the principle of subordination in design? A the tall tree in the center of the image B the muted colors of the landscape C the outstretched hand of Christ D the red robe of Mary Magdalene

B the muted colors of the landscape

One way that John McCracken achieved unity with the work Untitled was A using three media. B using the same unvarying color throughout the piece. C making it taller than it is wider. D making it a different color than the wall.

B using the same unvarying color throughout the piece.

What combination of lines provides stability in a composition? A horizontal and diagonal lines B vertical and horizontal lines C intersecting diagonal lines D vertical and diagonal lines

B vertical and horizontal lines

What did Matisse create by moving the figure's right leg down slightly in his version of Large Reclining Nude? A a proportionate figure B greater contrast C directional force D a balance of unity and variety

C directional force

What is one way that Wallace Berman created a sense of rhythm in Untitled? A addition of Hebrew letters B use of light and dark contrasts C repetition of hands and radio shape D inclusion of different images on the radio

C repetition of hands and radio shape

Most artists want a balance of unity and variety because A every work has to include both elements. B it makes it easier for the viewer to understand. C that combination usually yields the most interesting compositions. D both are required for a work to have diversity.

C that combination usually yields the most interesting compositions.

Which contributes most to the drama of Francisco Goya's composition in Bullfight: The Agility and Daring of Juanito Apinani? A the horizontal format B the small scale of the figures C the contrast of light and dark tones D the horizontal wall in the background

C the contrast of light and dark tones

Which element is necessary to create an all-over pattern in an artwork? A the use of organic shapes and forms B the use of geometric shapes and forms C the repetition of a set of ordered elements D the use of complementary groups of colors

C the repetition of a set of ordered elements

One reason for the extremely small size of Cruzeiro do Sul (Southern Cross) was A the artist's lack of funds to produce the work. B to draw attention to the importance of geometric forms. C to draw attention to the lack of importance many people give to Southern Hemisphere countries. D to create a humorous work.

C to draw attention to the lack of importance many people give to Southern Hemisphere countries.

What is one reason that Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen exaggerated scale in Shuttlecocks? A to create a diagonal direction B to promote playing badminton C to poke fun at museum practices D to criticize the museum's collecting practices

C to poke fun at museum practices

Why did Matisse believe that design was as important to a composition as facial expressions and gestures? A He was trying to draw attention to scale and proportion. B He was trying to explain his works to viewers. C He was trying to draw attention to his use of color. D He believed that the arrangement of visual elements was necessary to create an expressive composition.

D He believed that the arrangement of visual elements was necessary to create an expressive composition.

Why do many public buildings employ symmetrical balance in their designs? A Symmetrical balance allows for the most efficient use of space. B Symmetrical balance is associated with divine power. C Symmetrical balance promotes quick and economical construction. D Symmetrical balance suggests stability and permanence.

D Symmetrical balance suggests stability and permanence.

What design problem is presented by the subject matter in Lavinia Fontana's Noli Me Tangere? A depicting the empty tomb of Christ in the background B representing the divinity of Christ and the humanity of Mary Magdalene C representing the passage of time in the story D foregrounding the standing and prostrate figures

D foregrounding the standing and prostrate figures

What design goal does the inclusion of helicopters, cars, and hand grenades demonstrate in contemporary Afghan carpets? A emphasis and subordination B scale and proportion C directional forces D pattern

D pattern

One way that Jacob Lawrence created unity in Going Home was by A including reclining and sitting figures. B painting a topic that had deep personal meaning. C limiting the composition to one railroad car interior. D repeating the use of red in a variety of shapes.

D repeating the use of red in a variety of shapes.