Chapter 02˸ Assignment˸ The Changing Environment of Organizations

Chinese executives who come to work in the united states may slowly begin to act more like the u.s. managers

*internationalization

Google estimates that the emissions of over 2,000 cars are prevented every day because of its free electric car charging stations, its employee shuttle, and its electric car-sharing program. This is an example of:

*social responsibility initiative

Increasing conscientiousness and knowledge counteract some of the negative effects of _____ that result from reductions in information processing speed and motivation to learn.

AGING

Stereotype

An amusement park manager will not hire employees with tattoos that are visible when the park uniform is worn because he believes that this makes them look dangerous and threatening.

Perceived threat of loss

An organization previously dominated by white males begins a diversity recruiting effort by asking employees to refer diverse people whom they know for jobs in the company. Because the current employees believe that these new hires would likely get promoted before them due to the diversity initiative, no referrals are made.

China and South Korea emphasize group and family goals over individuals' needs or desires.

COLLECTIVISM

Paula is able to effectively persuade and motivate employees and customers in many different cultures.

CULTURAL COMPETENCE

Prejudice

Carl does not believe that women should work outside of the home and refuses to hire them

Collectivism

Characterized by tight social frameworks in which people tend to base their identities on the group or organization to which they belong

The new product development team at Nestle is made up of people at three different hierarchical levels, and the team leader has the authority to veto any idea introduced by the team that she or he feels does not have potential.

DISPARITY

When creating a pharmaceutical research team you intentionally staff the team with members who vary in their rank in the organization. One member of the team is a senior research scientist, two are mid-level scientist, and three are post-doc employees. Your team is high in

DISPARITY DIVERSITY

Variety diversity

Differences in a certain type or category, including group members' expertise, knowledge, or functional background

Separation diversity

Differences in position or opinion among group members reflecting disagreement or opposition—dissimilarity in an attitude or value, for example, especially with regard to group goals or processes

disparity diversity

Differences in the concentration of valuable social assets or resources—dissimilarity in rank, pay, decision-making authority, or status, for example

Deep-level diversity

Individual differences that cannot be seen directly, including goals, values, personalities, decision-making styles, knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes

Research has found that firm performance increases when employees have:

MORE POSITIVE ATTITUDE TOWARD DIVERSITY

The shift toward a service based economy and the growing use of technology for competitive advantage are two areas of technology that affect businesses today. What is the third?

Mushrooming change in information technology

Surface-level diversity

Observable differences in people, including race, age, ethnicity, physical abilities, physical characteristics, and gender

The "like me" bias

Paul chose Billie for his team because she went to the same school as he had. He also felt that she reminded him of himself when he first joined the company.

The manufacturing team at Chanel responsible for making and packaging the perfume is comprised of people of a variety of ages, races, and nationalities.

SURFACE-LEVEL

The Red Cross provides help including meals, clothes, and lodging in the event of a disaster. The Red Cross is an example of a

Service organization

Under terms of the agreement between Harley-Davidson and its union to help keep a motorcycle factory open, the wage for the lowest-paid current production worker was set as $24.10 an hour. All new employees hired for that same job would earn $19.28 an hour. This created a:

TIERED WORKFORCE

Power distance

The extent to which people accept as normal an unequal distribution of power

Uncertainty avoidance

The extent to which people feel threatened by unknown situations and prefer to be in clear and unambiguous situations

Masculinity

The extent to which the dominant values in a society emphasize aggressiveness and the acquisition of money and other possessions as opposed to concern for people, relationships among people, and overall quality of life

The top management team at Pepsi is made up of several Vice Presidents with a variety of functional backgrounds and experience in different geographic areas.

VARIETY

After working with his team for a while, Patrick realizes that his team is more diverse than he initially thought. The members come from a variety of functional backgrounds and have a wide variety of work experiences.

Variety Diversity

Ethnocentrism

When Maja was assigned to work in Russia she expected her employees to be less professional and less fluent in English than she was. She was very surprised to learn that her Russian counterparts were just as competent as her.

Breakthroughs in _______ have resulted in leaner organizations, more flexible operations, increased collaboration among employees, more flexible work sites, and improved management processes and systems.

info technology