Chapter 06

Why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory?

Because it involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it.

Lamar has just gotten a new job and is attending a company party where he will meet his colleagues for the first time. His boss escorts him around to small groups to introduce him. At the first group, Lamar meets four people and is told only their first names. The same thing happens with a second group and a third group. At the fourth group, Lamar is told their names and that one of the women in the group is the company accountant. A little while later, Lamar realizes that he only remembers the names of the people in the first group, though he also remembers the profession of the last woman he met (the accountant). Lamar's experience demonstrates

a build-up and release of proactive interference

Murdoch's "remembering a list" experiment described the serial position curve and found that memory is best for __________ of a list

both the first and last words

According to your text, which of the following movies is least accurate in its portrayal of a memory problem?

50 First Dates

The serial position curve is usually found using a free recall task (participants recall words in any order). Imagine that you conducted an experiment where participants must recall words in the same order. What results would you predict?

A diminished recency effect, relative to free recall.

Regarding free recall of a list of items, which of the following will most likely cause the recency effect to disappear?

Counting backward for 30 seconds before recall.

Which of the following statements is most true in regards to our LTM?

Explicit memories are formed over time from our implicit memory.

Which of the following would most likely be a detailed long-term memory?

I was talking to that girl just before class.

Which of the following involves procedural memory?

Reading a sentence in a book.

In the movie Groundhog Day, Bill Murray's character grows frustrated as he experiences the same day in his life over and over again. With each "passing" day, he is able to respond to people's actions more and more quickly because of

Repetition priming

Your book discusses the memory functioning of patient H.M. who underwent brain surgery to relieve severe epileptic seizures. H.M.'s case has been extremely informative to psychologists by demonstrating that

STM can operate normally while LTM is impaired

Which of the following is not an example of an implicit memory?

Semantic memory

The serial position curve is a graphical depiction of what?

The percent of words accurately recalled in a list.

Which of the following is most closely associated with implicit memory?

The propaganda effect

In which of the following examples of two different brain-injured patients (Tom and Tim) is a double dissociation demonstrated?

Tom has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory, while Tim has good episodic memory but poor semantic memory.

Your text describes an "Italian woman" who, after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or facts she knew before. She could, however, remember her life events and daily tasks. Her memory behavior reflects

intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory

K.C., who was injured in a motorcycle accident, remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare in bowling, but he is unaware of experiencing things like hearing about the circumstances of his brother's death, which occurred two years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests

intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory

According to Tulving, the defining properties of the experience of episodic memory is that

it involves mental time travel

Lucille is teaching Kendra how to play racquetball. She teaches her how to hold the racquet, where to stand, and how to make effective shots. These learned skills that Lucille has acquired are an example of __________ memory.

procedural

The primacy effect is attributed to

recall of information stored in LTM

This multiple choice question is an example of a _______ test.

recognition

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of _______ in LTM.

retrieval cues

The predominant type of coding in LTM is

semantic

The dramatic case of patient H.M. clearly illustrates that __________ is crucial for the formation of LTMs.

the hippocampus

Your text discusses how episodic and semantic memories are interconnected. This discussion revealed that when we experience events

the knowledge that makes up semantic memories is initially attained through a personal experience based in episodic memory

A study participant is given a list of words to remember. One week later, he recalls the list. Let's say that one of the list words was "pear." Which of the following, none of which actually appeared on the list, would be most likely incorrectly recalled if the participant doesn't remember "pear"?

apple

Carrie answers her phone with "Hello?" A response, "Hi, Carrie!" comes from the other end of the line. Carrie responds back with "Hi, Dad!" Carrie processed "Hi, Carrie" using an

auditory code in long-term memory.

Explicit memory is to __________ as implicit memory is to _________.

declarative; nondeclarative

When investigating the serial position curve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds

decreases the recency effect

"I remember being really excited last year, when my college team won the national championship in basketball." This statement is an example of __________ memory.

episodic