Chapter 1
A nurse educator is discussing the criteria that define nursing as a profession. Which nursing actions are based on these criteria?
-A nurse uses diagnosis, interventions and evaluation to plan nursing care for clients. -A nurse follows an established code of ethics when performing actions for clients who are in hospice. -A nurse is committed to using ongoing research when planning nursing care for clients.
Which standards are monitored by the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)? Select all that apply.
-Evidence-based practice -Client-centered care -Informatics -Quality improvement
Which are approved as nursing diagnoses?
-Impaired Skin Integrity -Caregiver Role Strain -Compromised Family Coping
After hearing a presentation about the American Nurses Association (ANA), a nurse decides to join the organization based on the understanding that:
ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in the United States.
The community health nurse creates a program to promote the health of the community using health promotion principles. Which intervention would the nurse include in this program?
Activities focused on maintaining wellness
Which advancement in the nursing profession occurred immediately after World War II?
Advanced nursing education was established.
the first nursing journal owned, operated, and published by nurses was:
American Journal of Nursing
Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice?
American Nurses Association
The nurse is performing care for a client in the end stage of cancer. How can the nurse best facilitate the client and family's ability to cope?
Assist the client with activities of daily living (ADLs). Assist the client and family with the preparation for end-of-life. Refer the client and family to hospice services.
Mary Adelaide Nutting
Became the first professor of nursing in the world as a faculty member of Teachers' College, Columbia University; with Lavinia Dock, published the four-volume History of Nursing
Which challenge associated with technology most affects nurses today?
Client privacy issues within the social media realm
Florence Nightingale
Defined nursing as both an art and a science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education; published books about nursing and health care; is regarded as the founder of modern nursing
Which scenario is the best example of the nurse implementing the ANA standard relating to diagnosis?
Determining a client is at risk for falls
The new nursing graduate is concerned about some of the critical changes that will be occuring in nursing. What changes does the nurse anticipate will impact nursing care?
Difficulty for nurses to remain current in a rapidly changing medical and technology environment
Mary Agnes Snively
Director of the nursing school at Toronto General Hospital and one of the founders of the Canadian Nurses Association
Lillian Wald
Established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick poor of the Lower East Side in New York City; the founder of public health nursing
Nora Gertrude Livingston
Established a training program for nurses at the Montreal General Hospital (the first 3-year program in North America)
Mary Breckinridge
Established the Frontier Nursing Service and one of the first midwifery schools in the United States
Linda Richards
Graduated in 1873 from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston, Massachusetts, as the first trained nurse in the United States; became the night superintendent of Bellevue Hospital in 1874 and began the practice of keeping records and writing orders
A nurse educator is discussing the role of nursing based on the American Nurses Association (ANA). Which statement best describes this role?
It is the role of nursing to provide a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing.
founder of public health nursing
Lilian Wald
A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which is true regarding nurse researchers?
They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing
The nurse is caring for a client after a stroke rendered the client's right side weaker than the left. The nurse coordinates the plan of care with the physical therapist. The nurse's interventions reflect which one of nursing's four broad goals?
To restore health
Catherine McAuley created 10 characteristics of Careful Nursing ranging on Disinterested Love, Perfect skils in fostering safety and comfort, Creation of restorative environment, Nursing interventions, Participatory-authoritative Management, as well as what other main characteristic?
Trustworthy collaboration
Clara Barton
Volunteered to care for wounds and feed Union soldiers during the Civil War; served as the supervisor of nurses for the Army of the James, organizing hospitals and nurses; established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882
A registered nurse (RN) is caring for four clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which task is most appropriate for the nurse to delegate to the licensed practical nurse (LPN)?
administering bedside blood glucose testing
A nurse must possess several characteristics to be successful in this profession. Secondary to critical thinking skills, which is of great value?
advocating for the client at all times
Standards of Practice
allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is provided
profession
an occupation that meets specific criteria including a well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge, a code of ethics and standards, ongoing research, and autonomy
mindfulness
capacity to intentionally bring awareness to present-moment experience with an attitude of openness and curiosity; mindfulness promotes healing as you pause, focus on the present, and listen
A nurse is planning to pursue further education in the hopes of becoming an expert in geriatric nursing who carries out direct care. For which expanded career role is the nurse preparing?
clinical nurse specialist
National League for Nurses
conducts one of the largest professional testing services in the United States, including pre-entrance testing for potential students and achievement testing to measure student progress
Burnout
cumulative state of frustration with the work environment that develops over a long time; behaviors exhibited as the result of prolonged stress
A client is distraught because a recent computed tomography (CT) scan shows that the client's colon cancer has metastasized to the lungs. Which nursing aim should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this client?
facilitating coping
secondary traumatic stress
feeling of despair caused by the transfer of emotional distress from a victim to a caregiver, which often develops suddenly
nursing process
five-step systematic method for giving patient care; involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating
American Association of Colleges of Nursing
goals focus on establishing quality educational standards, influencing the nursing profession to improve health care, and promoting public support of baccalaureate and graduate education, research, and nursing practice.
Mary Elizabeth Mahoney
graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1879 as America's first African American nurse
The primary aim of the Healthy People 2020 initiative is:
health promotion
nurse practice act
law established to regulate nursing practice
Nurse Practice Act
laws established in each state in the United States to regulate the practice of nursing
A prospective nursing student desires a career that will allow the opportunity to provide client care and to assist professional nurses with routine technical procedures. The prospective student needs to be employed in a full-time position quickly due to economic hardship. What type of nursing program would best suit this student?
licensed or vocational nursing program
compassion fatigue
loss of satisfaction from providing good patient care
For the nurse become a nurse practitioner, what is the minimal degree the nurse will need to acquire?
masters
Which is a characteristic of nursing practiced from early civilization to the 16th century?
most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes
National Student Nurses Association
national organization for students enrolled in nursing education programs. Through voluntary participation, students practice self-governance, advocate for student and patient rights, and take collective, responsible action on social and political issues
The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice?
nursing process
Due to the rising cost of health care services, many procedures and treatments are being delivered in what type of setting?
outpatient facilities
American Nurses Association
primary mission is to advance the profession of nursing to improve health for all
reciprocity
process allowing a nurse to apply for and be endorsed as a registered nurse by another state
nursing
profession that focuses on the holistic person receiving health care services and provides a unique contribution to the prevention of illness and maintenance of health
standards
rules or guidelines that allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is given
health
state of optimal functioning or well-being
All members of the health care team are encouraged to read and contribute to the individual plans of care for their clients. Which health care provider develops the plan of care?
the RN
A nurse is providing care for clients in a long-term care facility. What should be the central focus of this care?
the client receiving the care
The registered nurse (RN) working with a licensed practical nurse (LPN) understands which about LPNs?
they must take a licensure exam
Licensure
to be given a license to practice nursing in a state or province after successfully meeting requirements
The role of the nurse developed from the pre-civilization era through the eras representing the beginning of civilization, the beginning of the 16th century, the 18th and 19th centuries, World War II era, and up to the present day. Place the following roles of the nurse listed below in the correct chronologic order to follow this timeline.
-Nurses were portrayed as a mother, caring for family and delivering physical care and health remedies. -Nurses were viewed as slaves, carrying out menial tasks based on the orders of the priest. -There was a shortage of nurses; criminals were recruited as nurses; nursing was viewed as disreputable. -Florence Nightingale elevated nursing to a respected occupation and founded modern methods in nursing education. -Efforts were made to upgrade nursing education, and women were more assertive and independent. -Nursing was broadened in all areas and was practiced in a wide variety of settings; nursing was viewed as a profession.
Aims of Nursing
-To promote health -To prevent illness -To restore health -To facilitate coping with disability or death
Nursing is recognized as a profession based on
-Well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge -Strong service orientation -Recognized authority by a professional group -Code of ethics -Professional organization that sets standards -Ongoing research -Autonomy and self-regulation
In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin?
18th-19th century
Isabel Hampton Robb
A leader in nursing and nursing education; organized the nursing school at Johns Hopkins Hospital; initiated policies that included limiting the number of hours in a day's work and wrote a textbook to help student learning; the first president of the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada (which later became the American Nurses Association)
Elizabeth Smellie
A member of the original Victorian Order of Nurses for Canada (a group that provided public health nursing); organized the Canadian Women's Army Corps during World War II
Harriet Tubman
A nurse and an abolitionist; active in the underground railroad movement before joining the Union Army during the Civil War
Clinical Nurse Leader
A nurse prepared at the graduate level who oversees the lateral integration of care for a distinct group of patients and who may actively provide direct patient care in complex situations. The CNL role is not one of administration or management.
Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)
A nurse who completes a course of study in an anesthesia school; carries out preoperative visits and assessments; administers and monitors anesthesia during surgery; and evaluates postoperative status of patients
Nurse Midwife
A nurse who completes a program in midwifery; provides prenatal and postnatal care; and delivers babies for women with uncomplicated pregnancies
Nurse Administrator
A nurse who functions at various levels of management in health care settings; is responsible for the management and administration of resources and personnel involved in giving patient care
Nurse Researcher
A nurse with an advanced degree who conducts research relevant to the definition and improvement of nursing practice and education
Nurse Practioner (NP)
A nurse with an advanced degree, certified for a special area or age of patient care; works in a variety of health care settings or in independent practice to make health assessments and deliver primary care
Clinical Nurse Specialist
A nurse with an advanced degree, education, or experience who is considered to be an expert in a specialized area of nursing; carries out direct patient care; consultation; teaching of patients, families, and staff; and research
Nurse Entrepreneur
A nurse, usually with an advanced degree, who may manage a clinic or health-related business, conduct research, provide education, or serve as an adviser or consultant to institutions, political facilities, or businesses
Nurse Educator
A nurse, usually with an advanced degree, who teaches in educational or clinical settings; teaches theoretical knowledge and clinical skills; conducts research
Lavinia Dock
A nursing leader and women's rights activist; instrumental in the Constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote
Margaret Sanger
Opened the first birth control clinic in the United States; founder of Planned Parenthood Federation
Louise Schuyler
Organized diet kitchens, laundries, and an ambulance service, and supervised nursing staff during the Civil War
Mary Ann Bickerdyke
Organized diet kitchens, laundries, and an ambulance service, and supervised nursing staff during the Civil War
Sojourner Truth
Provided nursing care to soldiers during the Civil War and worked for the women's movement
Jane Addams
Provided social services within a neighborhood setting; a leader for women's rights; recipient of the 1931 Nobel Peace prize
Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate for a new mother that calls the nursery for help with breastfeeding?
Refer the mother for a home care visit
Dorothea Dix
Served as superintendent of the Female Nurses of the Army during the Civil War; was given the authority and the responsibility for recruiting and equipping a corps of army nurses; was a pioneering crusader for the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill
Which explanation accurately differentiates the role of the registered nurse (RN) from that of the licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)?
The LPN/LVN should work under the supervision of an RN.
The American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Professional Nursing Practice provides standard of care for all nurses. Which statement on the assessment of the nursing process is accurate?
The nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the client's health or situation.
