Chapter 1

A control can be best defined as: A. A variable that is kept constant in an experiment. B. An experiment where the final results are known ahead of time. C. A hypothesis that regulates the results of an experiment. D. An experiment that is undertaken both in the field and in the laboratory. E. A variable that changes during the course of an experiment.

A. A variable that is kept constant in an experiment.

The Challenger expedition made collections of marine organisms: A. Around the world. B. In the Pacific Ocean only. C. In the Atlantic Ocean only. D. In the Mediterranean Sea only. E. In the North Sea only.

A. Around the world.

From the general statement "All fishes lay eggs," which of the following results from deduction? A. Because tuna are fish, tuna lay eggs. B. Because tuna are fish, tuna swim. C. Egg laying is beneficial to fishes. D. Tuna must lay their eggs in deep water. E. Because fishes are marine, tuna lay eggs.

A. Because tuna are fish, tuna lay eggs.

A marine biologist observes that mako sharks, sardines, and salmon leap out of the water. An example of induction from these observations is: A. Only some fishes can leap out of the water. B. All fishes leap out of the water. C. Fishes leap out of the water to escape from predators. D. Flatfishes can leap out of the water because they live on the bottom. E. Leaping out of the water is often used in feeding.

B. All fishes leap out of the water.

Which of these is not a benefit that marine life provides humans? A. Coastal protection B. Medical advances C. Oxygen D. Pier erosion E. Land creation

D. Pier erosion

Charles Darwin, who proposed the theory of evolution, was actually a marine biologist who specialized in: A. Whales. B. Fishes. C. Marine birds. D. Barnacles. E. Oysters.

D. Barnacles.

In experiments, scientists create artificial situations to test hypotheses because: A. They cannot make the necessary observations under natural conditions. B. It is always easier to study organisms in the lab. C. Hypotheses cannot be accepted unless they have been studied under these conditions. D. The scientific method requires it. E. Field observation is inaccurate.

A. They cannot make the necessary observations under natural conditions.

Which of the following statements about Charles Darwin is NOT true? A. Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection. B. Darwin was the first to use a chronometer timepiece. C. Darwin served as a naturalist on the HMS Beagle. D. Darwin explained the formation of atolls. E. Darwin used nets to capture plankton.

B. Darwin was the first to use a chronometer timepiece.

A limiting factor of science is that it cannot: A. Predict the future. B. Make judgments about ethics, values, and morality. C. Arrive at fundamental truths. D. Provide information that can be applied to real life. E. Provide exceptions for negative evidence.

B. Make judgments about ethics, values, and morality.

The factors that might affect observations and can be manipulated are called: A. Controls. B. Variables. C. Experiments. D. Hypotheses. E. Inductive observations.

B. Variables.

An experiment can best be described as: A. A set of observations that become a hypothesis. B. Obtaining data from the field. C. An artificially created situation to test a hypothesis. D. Controlling a particular factor in the field. E. Making observations from naturally occurring events.

C. An artificially created situation to test a hypothesis.

During this time period ocean exploration slowed in most of Europe, but the Vikings, Arabs, and those in the Far East and Pacific continued oceanic exploration and discovery. A. Stone Age B. Bronze Age C. Dark Ages D. Renaissance E. Modern Times

C. Dark Ages

This is thought to have originated in the sea. A. Water B. Salt C. Life D. The scientific method E. The Earth's crust

C. Life

The first marine laboratory established in the U.S. was: A. Friday Harbor Marine Laboratory in Washington. B. Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California. C. Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. D. Smithsonian Institution in Washington. E. Hopkins Marine Station in California.

C. Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

One tool that scientists have been using to study the ocean's surface is _______, which can view large areas at a time because they are so far away. A. Scuba B. Research vessels C. Satellite technology D. Remotely operated vehicles E. Subsea observatories.

C. Satellite technology

Jacques Cousteau is best known for helping to perfect which marine technology? A. Sonar B. Remote sensing C. Scuba diving equipment D. Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) E. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs)

C. Scuba diving equipment

Who is the first scientist credited with documenting that sea floor life varies with depth? A. Charles Darwin B. James Cook C. Leif Eriksson D. Edward Forbes E. Charles Wyville Thompson

D. Edward Forbes

The scientific method can best be described as: A. Undertaking experiments in laboratories. B. Using induction and deduction. C. Collecting data in the field. D. Following a set of procedures to learn about our world. E. Observing animals in their natural habitat.

D. Following a set of procedures to learn about our world.

The first marine laboratory in the world was established in: A. Russia. B. England. C. France. D. Italy. E. Japan.

D. Italy.

These were created to study living marine organisms and conduct long-term experiments. A. Scientific vessels B. Satellites C. Remotely operated vehicles D. Marine laboratories and stations E. Scuba gear

D. Marine laboratories and stations

What is the estimated annual value of the ocean's living systems? A. $2 million B. $2 billion C. $20 billion D. $2 trillion E. $20 trillion

E. $20 trillion

Oceanographers generally study organisms: A. From an organismal perspective. B. By incorporating many disciplines in their studies. C. Farther offshore. D. A and B. E. B and C.

E. B and C.

When can a hypothesis be accepted as absolutely 100% true? A. After one experiment or observation B. After ten experiments or observations C. After twenty experiments of observations D. After numerous experiments or observations over many years E. Never

E. Never

Scientific knowledge is ultimately traced to: A. Hypotheses. B. Inductions. C. Deductions. D. Theories. E. Observations.

E. Observations.

Which of the following was developed due to technological advances made during World War II? A. Scuba B. Research vessels C. Nets D. Marine laboratories E. Sonar

E. Sonar