Chapter 1 A&P Bonus Questions

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Examines similarities and the differences in the anatomy of different species

Comparative Anatomy

Check all of the body section(s) that could include both shoulders in a single section.

Coronal

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Coronal Plane

Divides the body or organ into right and left halves

Midsagittal Plane

Moves the body and generates heat

Muscular

Classify the organ system with the category of function it provides. Support and Movement:

Muscular Skeletal

Classify the organ system with the category of function it provides. Integration and Coordination:

Nervous Endocrine

Investigates organ systems and disorders that might affect them

Pathophysiology

Component of the thoracic cavity

Pericardial cavity Mediastinum Pleural cavity

When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs, it is best as described as which of the following?

Positive Feedback

Examines all structures in an area of the body as a complete unit

Regional Anatomy

Classify the organ system with the category of function it provides. Reproduction

Reproductive

Explores the influences of sex cell production and maturation Examines fertility and conception

Reproductive Physiology

Exchange of gases

Respiratory

Calcium storage and hemopoiesis

Skeletal

Thermoreceptors detect body temperature and send impulses to the brain for analysis. If body temperature is low, the brain will signal skeletal muscles to perform brief, repeated contractions to help generate heat. In this example, what is the effector?

Skeletal muscles

Organ system with its components. Lymphatic System:

Tonsils Thymus

Check all of the cavities that are included in the posterior aspect of the body.

Vertebral canal Cranial cavity

The __________ system contains the liver and intestines.

digestive

hypochondriac

upper region

The __________ system contains the bladder and kidneys

urinary

abdominal cavity diaphragm mediastinum lungs

ventral cavity

The layer of the pleural membrane that is attached to the surface of the lung is the

visceral pleura

Transport of nutrients and waste

Cardiovascular

cranial cavity vertebral canal spinal cord meninges

Dorsal cavity

The joint just proximal to the knee is which one of these?

Hip

Organ system with its components. Urinary System:

Kidneys Urethra

Which of the following are characteristics of all living things? Check all that apply.

Metabolism Reproduction Responsiveness Regulation

When there is a change in the internal body environment, how will the body react to maintain homeostasis by negative feedback?

Oppose the change

Studies the skin and related superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures

Surface Anatomy

Studies the anatomy of each functional body system

Systemic Anatomy

How would an anatomist describe the bladder?

The bladder wall contains a transitional epithelium and several layers of smooth muscle.

How would a physiologist describe the small intestine?

The small intestine has a large surface area for more efficient digestion and absorption.

When a variable is regulated by negative feedback, its value fluctuates above and below the set point rather than being a constant.

True

A patient complaining of pain on his left side just deep to the ribs would be referring to which abdominopelvic quadrant?

Upper Left

If you study that the wall of the small intestine is composed of smooth muscle, you are practicing the study of

anatomy

Neutrons, protons, and electrons make up ________, the smallest particles with unique chemical properties.

atoms

Mammary is to _____ as brachial is to arm.

breast

The ___________ system contains the heart and blood vessels.

cardiovascular

The smallest unit of life, _____ consist of multiple organelles and macromolecules.

cells

The _____________ system contains the ovaries and uterus.

female reproductive

The ____________ system contains the skin and hair.

integumentary

Inguinal

lower region

The _________ system contains the spleen and thymus gland.

lymphatic

The ___________ system contains the testes and prostate gland.

male reproductive

Two or more atoms make up a(n) _______

molecule

The _______ system contains skeletal muscles and tendons.

muscular

The ________ system contains the brain and spinal cord.

nervous

The _____ lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity.

parietal peritoneum

The outer serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is called the

parietal peritoneum

In terms of anatomic directional terms, the heart is considered ______ to the sternum.

posterior

The __________ system contains the lungs and trachea.

respiratory

The study of how gases are transferred between the lungs and blood and between the blood and body tissues, best describes the focus of

respiratory physiology

Cephalic is to head as deltoid is to

shoulder

The _____________ contains bones and cartilage.

skeletal system

Homeostasis is best described as

the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite a changing external environment.

Collections of like cells performing a similar function, _______ are divided into four major categories.

tissues

Select the variables that you would predict to be regulated by the body using a homeostatic mechanism.

Amount of glucose in the blood Amount of oxygen in the body Amount of pressure to move gases Amount of pressure that moves fluids in the body Amount of heat in the body Amount of water in the body

Classify the organ system with the category of function it provides. Transport:

Cardiovascular Lymphatic

Studies how the heart pumps blood Explores the parameters of healthy blood pressure Examines how the heart, blood vessels, and blood function

Cardiovascular Physiology

Classify the organ system with the category of function it provides. Absorption and Excretion:

Digestive Respiratory Urinary

Developmental changes occurring from conception to birth

Embryology

Organ system with its components. Digestive System:

Esophagus Stomach

If an individual is in the anatomical position, they are lying horizontally with palms facing up.

False

Serous fluid is contained between the visceral pleura and the lung

False

The pleural membranes function like a fluid-filled balloon that completely surrounds the heart.

False

Classify the organ system with the category of function it provides. Body Covering:

Integumentary

Investigating the function of organ systems in a disease state best describes

Investigating the function of organ systems in a disease state best describes

Which level of organization in the human body involves two or more tissue types working together to perform specific, complex functions?

Organ level

During childbirth, the baby pushes on the wall of the uterus. This is detected by pressure receptors that signal the brain to release oxytocin. If this is a positive feedback process, select the likely next step.

Oxytocin causes the uterus to contract, further stimulating the receptors and releasing more oxytocin from the brain.

Examines how gas exchange occurs between the lungs and blood vessels

Respiratory Physiology

Choose the statement that best exemplifies the interrelated nature of anatomy and physiology.

Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells, which is appropriate for organs where filtration and diffusion occur.

Organ system with its components. Respiratory System:

Trachea Lungs

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Transverse Plane

Cardiovascular physiologists must also have a good understanding of heart, blood, and blood vessel anatomy.

True

The correct anatomic directional term for "at the back side of the human body" is

dorsal

The ___________ system contains the ovaries and thyroid gland.

endocrine

flank

middle region

In _________________ several organs work together to carry out a similar function.

organ systems

Molecules form together to make ___________, much larger complexes like mitochondria, lysosomes, and centrioles.

organelles

A complete, single _________ represents the largest division of hierarchical organization.

organism

Multiple different tissue types together are called ________ and likewise work together to perform similar actions.

organs


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