Chapter 1 A&P Bonus Questions
Examines similarities and the differences in the anatomy of different species
Comparative Anatomy
Check all of the body section(s) that could include both shoulders in a single section.
Coronal
Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Coronal Plane
Divides the body or organ into right and left halves
Midsagittal Plane
Moves the body and generates heat
Muscular
Classify the organ system with the category of function it provides. Support and Movement:
Muscular Skeletal
Classify the organ system with the category of function it provides. Integration and Coordination:
Nervous Endocrine
Investigates organ systems and disorders that might affect them
Pathophysiology
Component of the thoracic cavity
Pericardial cavity Mediastinum Pleural cavity
When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs, it is best as described as which of the following?
Positive Feedback
Examines all structures in an area of the body as a complete unit
Regional Anatomy
Classify the organ system with the category of function it provides. Reproduction
Reproductive
Explores the influences of sex cell production and maturation Examines fertility and conception
Reproductive Physiology
Exchange of gases
Respiratory
Calcium storage and hemopoiesis
Skeletal
Thermoreceptors detect body temperature and send impulses to the brain for analysis. If body temperature is low, the brain will signal skeletal muscles to perform brief, repeated contractions to help generate heat. In this example, what is the effector?
Skeletal muscles
Organ system with its components. Lymphatic System:
Tonsils Thymus
Check all of the cavities that are included in the posterior aspect of the body.
Vertebral canal Cranial cavity
The __________ system contains the liver and intestines.
digestive
hypochondriac
upper region
The __________ system contains the bladder and kidneys
urinary
abdominal cavity diaphragm mediastinum lungs
ventral cavity
The layer of the pleural membrane that is attached to the surface of the lung is the
visceral pleura
Transport of nutrients and waste
Cardiovascular
cranial cavity vertebral canal spinal cord meninges
Dorsal cavity
The joint just proximal to the knee is which one of these?
Hip
Organ system with its components. Urinary System:
Kidneys Urethra
Which of the following are characteristics of all living things? Check all that apply.
Metabolism Reproduction Responsiveness Regulation
When there is a change in the internal body environment, how will the body react to maintain homeostasis by negative feedback?
Oppose the change
Studies the skin and related superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures
Surface Anatomy
Studies the anatomy of each functional body system
Systemic Anatomy
How would an anatomist describe the bladder?
The bladder wall contains a transitional epithelium and several layers of smooth muscle.
How would a physiologist describe the small intestine?
The small intestine has a large surface area for more efficient digestion and absorption.
When a variable is regulated by negative feedback, its value fluctuates above and below the set point rather than being a constant.
True
A patient complaining of pain on his left side just deep to the ribs would be referring to which abdominopelvic quadrant?
Upper Left
If you study that the wall of the small intestine is composed of smooth muscle, you are practicing the study of
anatomy
Neutrons, protons, and electrons make up ________, the smallest particles with unique chemical properties.
atoms
Mammary is to _____ as brachial is to arm.
breast
The ___________ system contains the heart and blood vessels.
cardiovascular
The smallest unit of life, _____ consist of multiple organelles and macromolecules.
cells
The _____________ system contains the ovaries and uterus.
female reproductive
The ____________ system contains the skin and hair.
integumentary
Inguinal
lower region
The _________ system contains the spleen and thymus gland.
lymphatic
The ___________ system contains the testes and prostate gland.
male reproductive
Two or more atoms make up a(n) _______
molecule
The _______ system contains skeletal muscles and tendons.
muscular
The ________ system contains the brain and spinal cord.
nervous
The _____ lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity.
parietal peritoneum
The outer serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is called the
parietal peritoneum
In terms of anatomic directional terms, the heart is considered ______ to the sternum.
posterior
The __________ system contains the lungs and trachea.
respiratory
The study of how gases are transferred between the lungs and blood and between the blood and body tissues, best describes the focus of
respiratory physiology
Cephalic is to head as deltoid is to
shoulder
The _____________ contains bones and cartilage.
skeletal system
Homeostasis is best described as
the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite a changing external environment.
Collections of like cells performing a similar function, _______ are divided into four major categories.
tissues
Select the variables that you would predict to be regulated by the body using a homeostatic mechanism.
Amount of glucose in the blood Amount of oxygen in the body Amount of pressure to move gases Amount of pressure that moves fluids in the body Amount of heat in the body Amount of water in the body
Classify the organ system with the category of function it provides. Transport:
Cardiovascular Lymphatic
Studies how the heart pumps blood Explores the parameters of healthy blood pressure Examines how the heart, blood vessels, and blood function
Cardiovascular Physiology
Classify the organ system with the category of function it provides. Absorption and Excretion:
Digestive Respiratory Urinary
Developmental changes occurring from conception to birth
Embryology
Organ system with its components. Digestive System:
Esophagus Stomach
If an individual is in the anatomical position, they are lying horizontally with palms facing up.
False
Serous fluid is contained between the visceral pleura and the lung
False
The pleural membranes function like a fluid-filled balloon that completely surrounds the heart.
False
Classify the organ system with the category of function it provides. Body Covering:
Integumentary
Investigating the function of organ systems in a disease state best describes
Investigating the function of organ systems in a disease state best describes
Which level of organization in the human body involves two or more tissue types working together to perform specific, complex functions?
Organ level
During childbirth, the baby pushes on the wall of the uterus. This is detected by pressure receptors that signal the brain to release oxytocin. If this is a positive feedback process, select the likely next step.
Oxytocin causes the uterus to contract, further stimulating the receptors and releasing more oxytocin from the brain.
Examines how gas exchange occurs between the lungs and blood vessels
Respiratory Physiology
Choose the statement that best exemplifies the interrelated nature of anatomy and physiology.
Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells, which is appropriate for organs where filtration and diffusion occur.
Organ system with its components. Respiratory System:
Trachea Lungs
Divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Transverse Plane
Cardiovascular physiologists must also have a good understanding of heart, blood, and blood vessel anatomy.
True
The correct anatomic directional term for "at the back side of the human body" is
dorsal
The ___________ system contains the ovaries and thyroid gland.
endocrine
flank
middle region
In _________________ several organs work together to carry out a similar function.
organ systems
Molecules form together to make ___________, much larger complexes like mitochondria, lysosomes, and centrioles.
organelles
A complete, single _________ represents the largest division of hierarchical organization.
organism
Multiple different tissue types together are called ________ and likewise work together to perform similar actions.
organs
