Chapter 1 Computer Science

During which stage does the central processing unit retrieve from main memory the next instruction in the sequence of program instructions?

Fetch

The ________ decodes an instruction and generates electrical signals.

Control Unit

The programming process consists of several steps, which include:

Design, Creating, Testing, Debugging

Internally, the CPU consists of two parts:

The Control Unit and the Arithmetic and Logic Unit

An Integrated Development Environment typically consists of:

a text editor, compiler, debugger

A variable declaration announces the name of a variable that will be used in a program, as well as:

the type of data it will be used to hold

At the heart of a computer is its central processing unit. The CPU's job is:

to fetch instructions, to carry out the operations commanded by the instructions, to produce some outcome or resultant information

The purpose of a memory address is:

to identify the location of a byte in memory

True/False: The term "bit" stands for binary digit.

true

During which stage does the central processing unit analyze the instruction and encode it in the form of a number, and then generate an electronic signal?

decode

Three primary activities of a program are:

input, processing, output

Words that have a special meaning and may be used only for their intended purpose are known as:

key words

Mistakes that cause a running program to produce incorrect results are called:

logic errors

In a broad sense, the two primary categories of programming languages are:

low-level and high-level

True/False: In C++, key words are written in all lowercase letters.

true

Which of the following is a preprocessor directive?

#include <iostream>

Which of the following best describes an operator?

An operator allows you to perform operations on one or more pieces of data.

Characters or symbols that perform operations on one or more operands are:

Operators

The computer's main memory is commonly known as:

RAM

This is a volatile type of memory, used for temporary storage.

RAM

A set of well-defined steps for performing a task or solving a problem is known as a

algorithm

are used to translate each source code instruction into the appropriate machine language instruction.

compilers

This step will uncover any syntax errors in your program.

compiling

is the most fundamental set of programs on a computer.

operating system

a set of instructions that the computer follows to solve a problem.

program

Even when there is no power to the computer, data can be held in:

secondary storage

The statements written by the programmer are called:

source code

This is a complete instruction that causes the computer to perform some action.

statement

This is a set of rules that must be followed when constructing a program.

syntax

The programmer usually enters source code into a computer using:

text editor

This term refers to the programmer reading the program from the beginning and stepping through each statement.

desk checking

In the process of translating a source file into an executable file, which of the following is the correct sequence?

Source code, preprocessor, modified source code, compiler, object code, linker, executable code.