Chapter 1

The biodiversity of the planet is close to ____ million species.

9

Which of the following groups are comprised entirely of multicellular organisms that ingest food? A. Animals B. Fungi C. Plants D. Protists

A. Animals

Select all that apply. Which domains contain prokaryotes? A. Bacteria B. Archaea C. Eukarya

A. Bacteria B. Archaea

The total number and relative abundance of a species is most closely related to which of these? A. Biodiversity B. Global warming C. Extinction D. Climate change

A. Biodiversity

Which two domains are believed to have evolved from the first common ancestor soon after life on Earth began? A. Domain Bacteria B. Domain Archaea C. Domain Eukarya

A. Domain Bacteria B. Domain Archaea

Which eukaryotic group contains mainly multicellular organisms that function as decomposers? A. Fungi B. Protists C. Plants D. Animals

A. Fungi

To which taxonomic level do the terms Protista, Plantae, Animalia, and Fungi correspond? A. Kingdom B. Domain C. Phylum D. Class

A. Kingdom

Which of the following processes makes adaptation possible? A. Natural selection B. Evolution C. Descent with modification

A. Natural selection

Which of the taxa include all the others? A. Supergroup B. Phylum C. Kingdom D. Class

A. Supergroup

Identifying and grouping organisms are the tasks of which discipline? A. Taxonomy B. Zoology C. Phylogeny D. Systematics

A. Taxonomy

Which term in a binomial name is the species name? A. The second term B. The first term

A. The second term

A series of procedures designed in order to collect data to test a hypothesis is called an _____. A. experiment B. hypothesis C. prediction D. scientific method

A. experiment

Standard deviation, or standard error, accounts for: A. how statistically uncertain a value is. B. how close a value is to the predicted value. C. how statistically significant a value is.

A. how statistically uncertain a value is.

A standard series of steps used in gaining new knowledge that is widely accepted among scientists is called the: A. scientific method B. process of science C. standard operating procedure D. scientific protocol

A. scientific method

Which characteristics of life is most closely related to the suitability of an organism to its environment? A. Reproduction B. Adaptation C. Energy requirements D. Organization

B. Adaptation

What is a population? A. Communities that interact with the physical environment B. All the members of a species in a particular area C. Groupe of plants and animals in an area D. An individual and the environment it lives in

B. All the members of a species in a particular area

Which of these terms means "a formal way of seeing what happens" as it relates to scientists understanding a natural phenomenon? A. Conclusion B. Observation C. Hypothesis

B. Observation

Which eukaryotic group contains mainly unicellular organisms? A. Animals B. Protists C. Fungi D. Plants

B. Protists

What characteristic of life is exhibited by an algal cell moving toward light? A. The ability to adapt B. The ability to respond C. The ability to grow D. The ability to maintain homeostasis

B. The ability to respond

Which terms in the binomial is the genus name? A. The second term B. The first term

B. The first term

Which term in a binomial name may be abbreviated with a single letter? A. The specific epithet B. The genus

B. The genus

In multicellular organisms, cells combine to form _____. A. Organs B. Tissues C. Organisms

B. Tissues

In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the experimental value is referred to as _____. A. conclusion B. control group C. experimental group D. model

B. control group

An emerging disease is one that is: A. introduced from another country B. new C. caused by a virus D. caused by a parasite

B. new

There are three domains: Archaea, Eukarya, and _____.

Bacteria

Which is the best description of the term "climate change"? A. Changes in the Earth's temperature B. A shift in the sea level on Earth C. Changes in the normal cycles of Earth's climate

C. Changes in the normal cycle of Earth's climate

Which of the following levels of biological organization contains both living and nonliving components? A. Population B. Species C. Ecosystem D. Community

C. Ecosystem

The maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell or an organism is referred to as _____. A. Responsiveness B. Natural selection C. Homeostasis D. Negative feedback

C. Homeostasis

Which of the following belong to the kingdom Fungi? A. Jellyfish B. Protozoa C. Mold D. Algae

C. Mold

Which of the following contains all of the others? A. Cell B. Organ C. Organ system D. Molecule E. Tissue

C. Organ system

Organ systems join together to function within an individual ______, like a human or a giraffe. A. Species B. Community C. Organism

C. Organism

Which type of energy is used by nearly every living organism on Earth, either directly or indirectly? A. Nuclear B. Wind C. Solar D. Geothermal

C. Solar

Bacteria and other single-celled organisms reproduce by: A. Rapid cell devision B. Pairing egg and sperm C. Splitting in two

C. Splitting in two

At present, we are losing as many as _____ of species per year due to human activities. A. tens of thousands B. thousands C. hundreds D. dozens

C. hundreds

The ultimate source of energy for nearly all life on Earth is: A. deoxyribonucleic acid B. nutrients C. the sun D. adenosine triphosphate

C. the sun

The smallest, most basic unit of life is the: A. Organ B. Tissue C. Molecule D. Cell

D. Cell

Which of the following allows a scientist to think creatively about isolated facts and come up with a hypothesis? A. Observation B. Deductive reasoning C. Predicting D. Inductive reasoning

D. Inductive reasoning

Which group contains many single-celled eukaryotes such as protozoans? A. Plants B. Animals C. Fungi D. Protists

D. Protists

Mushrooms and molds are members of the kingdom _____.

Fungi

Unlike the other three kingdoms within domain Eukarya, evidence indicates that protists do not share the same evolutionary lineage. Six new taxa called _______ have been developed to explain evolutionary relationships along protists.

Supergroups

The basic units of matter, which are the lowest level of biological organization, are called _____.

atoms

The different ecosystems in which species live, their total number and relative abundance, and the variability of their genes all combine to define _____ on our planet.

biodiversity

Interacting populations of various species within a particular area are called a _____.

community

The results collected by observation and experimentation during the scientific method are called the _________.

data

The type of reasoning associated with "if,then" logic is called _____ reasoning.

deductive

The capacity to do work is also called _____.

energy

As much as 38% of all species may be in danger of _____ because of biodiversity and habitat losses attributed to humans.

extinction

Genetic instructions are passed from one generation to the next through _________, which are made of long DNA molecules.

genes

sum of all chemical reactions in a cell is referred to as _____.

metabolism

Atoms combine to form small _____, which can join together within a cell.

molecules

If an organism consists of more than one cell it is called a _____ organism.

multicellular

Some aspect of the environment, biotic or abiotic, selects what traits will pass to the next generation during the process of _____ _____.

natural selection

A combination of two or more tissues that perform a common function form an _____.

organ

The process that transforms solar energy into chemical energy is called _____.

photosynthesis

A multicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryote that is typically adapted to life on land is a _____.

plant

The characteristic of life that results in the production of the next generation is the ability to _____.

reproduce

The two-part name that biologists assign to a species is called the _____ name.

scientific

The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms is known as _____.

systematics