Chapter 1: Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test
What causes earthquakes?
1. Buildup & release of energy when two surface planes move or shift against each other. 2. When large amounts of earth are removed or added. 3. When molten rock moves under a volcano.
What can happen when plate boundaries shift suddenly along a fault and release their stored energy?
Earthquakes
What do you call breaks through the earth's surface which move rock?
Faults
What is the beginning point of an earthquake?
Focus
Volcanos do not affect weather by?
Heating up the atmosphere with lava output
What are geysers and mud spots an example of?
Hot Springs
Volcanic activity is less likely to occur where?
In a place where it has never occurred before
What do you call magma under the earth's crust?
Lava
What do you call the strength of the seismic waves of an earthquake?
Magnitude
Why is the existence of Pangaea a belief rather than a fact?
Pangea is a theory. There is no recorded observation of the landmass. The bible tells us in Genesis 1:9-10 that God gather together the waters and let the dry land appear. The word land is singular while waters is plural. These verses helped develop the idea of a single landmass.
An avalanche-like emission of red-hot dust and gases is called?
Pyroclastic Flow
What is the area called where a group of volcanoes located around the edges of the Pacific Ocean?
Ring of Fire
Who studies the science of the movement of earth?
Seismologists
What do you call a mixture of cinders, ash, and rock discharged by a volcano?
Tephra
What is it called where there is an opening in the surface of the earth through which lava flows?
Vent
Volcanic fog is called what?
Vog
Volcanic gases released into the air is called what?
Vog
A ___________ is where a crack in the earth's crust allows magma and gases to come to the surface.
Volcano
Can earthquakes trigger tsunamis?
Yes
What do you call fast-moving waves that occur beneath the surface of the earth?
body waves
Bowl-like crater volcano and only one main vent is known as what type of volcano?
cinder cone
What do you call rock fragments that surge down the mountain when it collapses?
debris flow
What do you call the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake?
epicenter
Volcanoes that do not have a recorded eruption and are not expected to erupt in the future are called what?
extinct
The beginning point of an earthquake is called what?
focus
What do you call vibrations of energy that flow from the focus of an earthquake?
seismic waves
What detects time and measures the movements of the earth?
seismograph
Mauna Loa is the world's largest active volcano and it has a gradually sloping volcano. This would be an example of what type of volcano?
shield
An earthquake's magnitude can be measured by what?
the Ritcher scale