Chapter 1: Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test

What causes earthquakes?

1. Buildup & release of energy when two surface planes move or shift against each other. 2. When large amounts of earth are removed or added. 3. When molten rock moves under a volcano.

What can happen when plate boundaries shift suddenly along a fault and release their stored energy?

Earthquakes

What do you call breaks through the earth's surface which move rock?

Faults

What is the beginning point of an earthquake?

Focus

Volcanos do not affect weather by?

Heating up the atmosphere with lava output

What are geysers and mud spots an example of?

Hot Springs

Volcanic activity is less likely to occur where?

In a place where it has never occurred before

What do you call magma under the earth's crust?

Lava

What do you call the strength of the seismic waves of an earthquake?

Magnitude

Why is the existence of Pangaea a belief rather than a fact?

Pangea is a theory. There is no recorded observation of the landmass. The bible tells us in Genesis 1:9-10 that God gather together the waters and let the dry land appear. The word land is singular while waters is plural. These verses helped develop the idea of a single landmass.

An avalanche-like emission of red-hot dust and gases is called?

Pyroclastic Flow

What is the area called where a group of volcanoes located around the edges of the Pacific Ocean?

Ring of Fire

Who studies the science of the movement of earth?

Seismologists

What do you call a mixture of cinders, ash, and rock discharged by a volcano?

Tephra

What is it called where there is an opening in the surface of the earth through which lava flows?

Vent

Volcanic fog is called what?

Vog

Volcanic gases released into the air is called what?

Vog

A ___________ is where a crack in the earth's crust allows magma and gases to come to the surface.

Volcano

Can earthquakes trigger tsunamis?

Yes

What do you call fast-moving waves that occur beneath the surface of the earth?

body waves

Bowl-like crater volcano and only one main vent is known as what type of volcano?

cinder cone

What do you call rock fragments that surge down the mountain when it collapses?

debris flow

What do you call the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake?

epicenter

Volcanoes that do not have a recorded eruption and are not expected to erupt in the future are called what?

extinct

The beginning point of an earthquake is called what?

focus

What do you call vibrations of energy that flow from the focus of an earthquake?

seismic waves

What detects time and measures the movements of the earth?

seismograph

Mauna Loa is the world's largest active volcano and it has a gradually sloping volcano. This would be an example of what type of volcano?

shield

An earthquake's magnitude can be measured by what?

the Ritcher scale