Chapter 1 Exam

Which of the following is true of doing research with people?

Sometimes people react in unexpected ways to the manipulations in an experiment.

Which of the following is a reason researchers prefer to use animals in experiments instead of humans?

Studying long-term effects is much easier.

Which perspective focuses on the biological bases for universal mental characteristics that all humans share?

The evolutionary perspective

Dr. Jamison has conducted a great deal of research on autistic disorders. In his latest study, he concluded that one definite cause of autism is the MMR vaccination. Which of the following can be determined based on Dr. Jamison's research findings?

Though Dr. Jamison's findings should be considered, they should not be regarded as true simply because of his acknowledged expertise.

________ is known as the "father of psychology."

Wilhelm Wundt

Psychologists in the counseling specialization

must be licensed to practice in their states.

A researcher wants to describe children's normal behavior on the playground. The best method for this research would be to use

naturalistic observation.

Studying children's interactions by watching them play on the school playground is an example of

naturalistic observation.

Scientists report their results even if an experiment failed because

researchers studying the same things will gain from what has already been learned.

Animals are used in about ________ percent of all psychological studies.

7

________ are personal judgments based on beliefs rather than facts.

Biases

Which of the following statements indicates a negative correlation?

As healthy eating increases, high blood pressure decreases.

The theory of operant conditioning was developed by

B. F. Skinner.

________ research is research for the sake of gaining scientific knowledge.

Basic

Geo informed his current therapist, Dr. Harvey, that since his visit to the Grand Canyon, he has experienced such an intense fear of heights that he can no longer drive to his job, which requires him to cross a bridge. After realizing that Geo almost suffered a fall while at the Grand Canyon, Dr. Harvey concluded that Geo's fear of heights must be associated with his near-fall experience. Dr. Harvey's conclusion best relates to which early approach to psychology?

Behaviorism

Dr. Garfield believes that while poverty can be detrimental to society, it does provide employment for many in fields such as social work, medicine, psychology, politics, and non-profit organizations. Dr. Garfield's belief relates best to which early field of psychology?

Functionalism

The first university in the United States to offer classes in psychology was ________ in the late 1870s.

Harvard University

Which of the following examples is an accurate representation of mental processes as applied to the definition of psychology?

Kaleb feels depressed after receiving a poor grade on his homework.

While the word critical is often viewed as meaning "negative," the use of this term in "critical thinking" is more related to the word

criteria

If deception is necessary, participants must then be ________ after the study.

debriefed

Consider the following statement: "Some women avoid computer science because it is stereotypically dominated by males. This, in turn, leads other women to feel that the field is not accessible to them." This is an example of a(n)

explanation

Mary Cover Jones achieved counterconditioning with "Little Peter" by using

food

William James was responsible for developing the theory of

functionalism.

Which of the following psychological professionals is most likely to work with a family in their home to help identify causes of problematic behavior?

psychiatric social worker

Freud proposed that there is a(n) ________ mind into which we repress all of our threatening urges and desires.

unconscious