Chapter 1 Extra Bank Questions

12. The first psychology laboratory was opened by __________. a. Wundt b. James c. Titchener d. Watson

A

13. Titchener was a member of the ___________school of thought. a. structuralists b. functionalist c. behaviorist d. reductionist

A

14. The school of thought that became known as behaviorism was founded by __________. a. Watson b. Titchener c. James d. Wundt

A

21. The psychologist John Watson is associated with the _______ school of psychology and argued that psychology must concern itself only with ________. a. behavioral; behavior b. behavioral; mental processes c. cognitive; thought and action d. cognitive; behavior

A

23. Studying the elements of sensations, feelings, and images is most directly associated with which school of psychology? a. structuralism b. functionalism c. behaviorism d. humanism

A

28. The first psychology laboratory was opened by _________. a. Wundt b. James c. Titchener d. Watson

A

30. For Freud, much of our behavior is controlled by __________. a. unconscious desires b. environmental stimuli c. mental Gestalts d. mental associations

A

31. The school of thought that became known as behaviorism was founded by __________. a. Watson b. Titchener c. James d. Wundt

A

37. The psychologist John Watson is associated with the _______ school of psychology and argued that psychology must concern itself only with _______. a. behavioral; behavior b. behavioral; mental processes c. cognitive; thought and action d. cognitive; behavior

A

4. The first psychology laboratory was founded by __________. a. Wundt b. James c. Titchener d. Watson

A

42. Wundt is to structuralism as _______ is to psychoanalysis. a. Freud b. Watson c. Rogers d. Maslow

A

43. Watson is to behaviorism as _______ is to psychoanalysis. a. Freud b. James c. Skinner d. Wundt

A

46. Which of the following is the correct order which psychologists use in studying a particular behavior? a. describe, explain, predict, control b. explain, describe, predict, control c. predict, describe, explain, control d. describe, predict, explain, control

A

8. In the late 20th century, psychology __________. a. expanded dramatically b. stagnated c. contracted slightly d. contracted dramatically

A

17. As a science, psychology is approximately how old? a. 50 years b. 125 years c. 175 years d. 2500 years since the field dates back to the ancient Greeks

B

18. Modern psychology is said to have begun when: a. Greek philosophers began studying the differences between people. b. Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology. c. Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and therapy. d. it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis.

B

19. The psychological school that asks, "What are mental processes for?" rather than "What are mental processes?" is which of the following? a. structuralism b. functionalism c. humanism d. Gestalt

B

20. Which of the following is NOT associated with Gestalt psychology? a. Koffka b. James c. Wertheimer d. Kohler

B

26. Psychology is said to have begun when a. medicine was seen to be ineffective in treating neurosis. b. Wilhelm Wundt started the first psychological laboratory . c. Sigmund Freud opened his private practice in Vienna. d. it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical.

B

29. Skinner is associated with __________. a. structuralism b. behaviorism c. Gestalt psychology d. existentialism

B

32. Watson felt that psychologists should study __________. a. consciousness b. observable behavior c. mental imagery d. elements of thought

B

35. John Watson was a behaviorist who argued that the science of psychology must concern itself only with a. experiences as whole units. b. observable events. c. unconscious mental processes. d. early childhood experiences.

B

36. Which of the following is associated with Gestalt psychology? a. Skinner b. Werheimer c. James d. Jones

B

39. Which school of psychology assumes that human activity cannot be broken down into separate units for analysis but must be evaluated as wholes? a. humanism b. Gestalt c. functionalism d. behaviorism

B

40. Which one of the following psychologists was responsible for originating the behavioral school of psychology? a. Pavlov b. Watson c. Skinner d. Rayner

B

47. Naturalistic observation is ____________________. a. re-creating natural conditions in the laboratory as closely as possible to make an experiment more valid b. studying behavior in its natural context c. basically the same process as objective introspection d. observing behavior in the lab without taking formal notes or using technological equipment to measure the experiment findings

B

48. Each day in class, Dr. Helms explains to his students that they are wonderful whether they are academic successes or failures. He also points out that each individual consciously chooses to attend class and study and that these choices dramatically affect whether one is academically successful. Dr. Helms is most likely a _______ psychologist. a. psychoanalytic b. humanistic c. behavioral d. Gestalt

B

5. B. F. Skinner is associated with __________. a. psychodynamic psychology b. behaviorism c. Gestalt psychology d. existentialism

B

50. Steve, a college sophomore, is seeing a psychologist because of his intense fear of people. His counselor feels that Steve's fear is a product of unresolved conflicts about his parents, and his childhood experiences with them. Steve's therapist is most characteristic of which school of psychology? a. behaviorism b. psychoanalytic c. humanistic d. Gestalt

B

7. A young man reads in a letter that he has just won $1,000 in a state-wide lottery and he literally jumps for joy. Which neurons are sending messages from his brain to his legs ordering them to jump? a. sensory neurons b. motor neurons c. interaction neurons d. association neurons

B

10. By general agreement, psychology was born in __________. a. 1642 b. 1853 c. 1879 d. 1906

C

11. Freud's theories differed radically from the views of his predecessors because of __________. a. its extensive use of laboratory research to support its claims b. the emphasis it placed on Eastern philosophies and culture c. the emphasis it placed on unconscious processes d. its emphasis on environmental learning as the source for most personality characteristics

C

15. Wertheimer was associated with the _____________ school. a. functionalist b. psychoanalytic c. Gestalt d. behaviorist

C

2. Wertheimer was associated with __________ psychology. a. functionalist b. psychoanalytic c. Gestalt d. existential

C

22. Which of the following does NOT fit with the other three? a. Wundt b. 1879 c. functionalism d. introspection

C

24. The primary method of investigation used by structuralists was: a. natural observation. b. dream interpretation. c. analytic introspection. d. experimentation.

C

25. The founder of behaviorism is: a. James. b. Skinner. c. Watson. d. Wundt.

C

3. John Watson was the founder of the school of thought that became known as __________. a. functionalism b. structuralism c. behaviorism d. humanism

C

33. Behaviorist J. B. Watson objected to early theories of psychology because of their focus on: a. evolution. b. science. c. mental processes. d. physical processes.

C

6. Freud was the founder of __________. a. existential psychology b. behavioral psychology c. psychoanalysis d. behaviorism

C

1. Structuralism emphasizes __________. a. individual differences b. the application of biological principles to the mind c. the influence of subconscious urges on conscious behavior d. the basic units of experience and their combinations

D

16. Freud believed that many unconscious desires are: a. the result of excessive punishment. b. by-products of introspection. c. the result of excessive reinforcement. d. sexual in nature.

D

27. Scientific psychology is formally recognized to have begun: a. in Greece, with the work of Hippocrates. b. in the United States, with the work of James. c. in Austria, with the work of Freud. d. in Germany, with the work of Wundt.

D

34. Psychologists should only study observable behavior, according to __________. a. Freud b. Titchener c. Galton d. Watson

D

38. B. F. Skinner is most closely associated with which school of psychology? a. cognitive b. humanistic c. functionalism d. behaviorism

D

41. B. F. Skinner is most closely associated with which school of psychology? a. cognitive b. humanistic c. functionalism d. behaviorism

D

44. A group of psychologists study how adults change and grow, both psychologically and physiologically, as they age. These psychologists are most like ___________. a. personality psychologists b. social psychologists c. organizational psychologists d. developmental psychologists

D

45. After more than a year in Iranian prisons, 52 American hostages were released by Iran's revolutionary government and allowed to return to the United States. Of the following professionals,___________ psychologists would probably have LEAST professional interest in that event. a. counseling b. clinical c. social d. experimental

D

49. Which of the following types of psychologists is most prepared to help a person who hears voices and believes she is Joan of Arc? a. forensic b. counseling c. school d. clinical

D

51. Which of the following assumptions associated with the psychoanalytic school produced the strongest negative reaction? a. Psychology, as therapy, is more philosophical than scientific. b. All human behavior is a product of one's experiences. c. Humans are basically good. d. All humans, including infants, have sexual motivations and drives.

D

9. Like Watson, Skinner believed that psychology should study only __________. a. mental processes b. perceptions c. elements of thought d. observable behavior

D