Chapter 1: Face & Neck Regions

What are the 6 anatomical landmarks of the mental region?

1. Chin (major part) 2. Mandibular Symphysis 3. Mandibular Ramus 4. Coronoid Process 5. Coronoid notch 6. Mandibular condyle

What 5 facial landmarks can be found in the Nasal Region?

1. External nose 2. Root of the nose 3. Naris (nares/nostril) 4. Nasal septum 5. Ala of the nose

What are the 8 Facial Regions?

1. Frontal 2. Buccal 3. Oral 4. Mental 5. Orbital 6. Nasal 7. Infraorbital 8. Zygomatic

Why is knowing surface anatomy important for comprehensive dental care?

1. It helps to locate essential landmarks for deeper structures. 2. can give info during EOE/IOE about the health of deeper structures 3. It helps to understand the underlying developmental disturbances/patterns. 4. To identify associated histologic tissue changes

What are the 3 major landmarks of the neck region?

1. Sternocleidomastoid Muscle 2. Hyoid bone 3. Thyroid Cartilage

The parotid salivary gland can be palpated in what to facial regions?

1. buccal region 2. Zygomatic region

What are 2 clinical considerations for facial esthetics

1. vertical dimensions of the face: allow for comparison of the 3 divisions of the face for functional and aesthetic purposes using the Golden Proportions. 2. Golden Proportions: A set of guidelines loss of height in the lower 3rd of the face which contain teeth, jaws, can occur in certain circumstances causing pronounced changes in the functions as well as esthetics of the orofactial structures.

on the buccal region of the face, what bony anatomical landmark has a sharp angle of the lower jaw, and it's inferior to the earlobe?

Angle of the mandible

Regions of the neck can be further divided into different what? using the large bones and muscles in this area.

Cervical triangles

on the buccal region of the face, structure forms the side of the face between the nose, mouth & ear?

Cheeks

What is the major anatomical part/bone of the mental region?

Chin (mandible)

What is the main feature of the nasal region?

External nose

What is the anatomical landmark JUNCTION of the oral region in which the vermillion zone and the inner oral cavity is the intermediate zone?

Mucocutaneous junction

What muscle is palpaped on each side of the neck of a patient in the region of the neck?

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

What can be found in the orbital region of the face?

Orbit of the skull (bony eye socket)

What is located below the zygomatic arch & inferior to the external ear where the upper skull forms a joint with the lower jaw?

Temporomandibular Joint

What salivary gland can be found on the buccal region of the face?

Parotid salivary gland

What anatomical landmark of the oral region can you find that has a vertical grove?

Philtrum

What extends downward in a vertical manner in the oral region? This landmark terminates in a thicker area at upper lip (tubercle).

Philtrum

what is a fleshy fold that marks the gateway into the oral cavity?

The lips

Clinical consideration: disruption of this zone can make it hard to determine the exact location of its mucocutaneous junction at the vermillion border between the lips and the surrounding skin.

Vermillion zone

What region overlies the bony support of the cheeks?

Zygomatic region

The risk of cancerous changes with the lips can be increased with the chronic use of what two factors?

alcohol & Tobacco use

Where is the parotid salivary gland located?

anterior to the ear, from zygomatic arch to angle of the mandible, covering a portion of he masseter muscle

why does the vermillion border of the oral region appear redder in color with variations of tone?

blood vessels are being seen through the translucent mucus membranes.

How can you demostrate where the vermillion border is?

by blanching the lips with pressure

What bony feature of the mental region is located at the anterior border to the ramus?

coronoid process

what anatomical landmark of the mental region does this bony feature have a thin sharp margin that terminates here?

coronoid process

where do the neck regions start/end?

extend from the skill and lower jaw down to the clavical and sternum

What are the cheeks composed of?

fat & muscles

how to conduct an EOE when feeling the TMJ?

fingers gently placed into external ear canal during movement

Where is the infraorbital region located?

inferior to the orbital region and lateral to the nasal region

How are the nares of the nasal region bounded (attached) by?

laterally by a winglike cartilaginous structure

this anatomic landmark of the mental region is located at the posterior border of the ramus, what is it?

mandibular condyle

what is a projection of the mental region?

mandibular condyle

what anatomical landmark of the mental region is thicker and extends from the angle of the mandible to a projection with its neck?

mandibular condyle projection = the condyle part

line of junction where the two lateral halves of the mandible typically fuse at an early period of life (1-2 years)?

mandibular symphysis

what anatomical landmark of the mental region is demarcated by the external surface of the mandible that is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the?

mandibular symphysis

what is located at the midline of the upper lip in the oral region?

philtrum

Between the thyroid gland, thryroid cartilage, and the hyoid bone, what order to they go (anatomically) from top to bottom?

top: hyoid bone middle: thyroid cartilage bottom: thyroid gland

What anatomic landmark of the oral cavity is found where the philtrum terminates?

tubercle of upper lip

what is the anatomical landmark of the the oral region where each lip begins?

vermillion border

What is another name for bony support of the cheeks?

zygomatic arch

what anatomical landmark of the oral region can you find at the vermillion border, between the vermillion zone and inner oral cavity?

Intermediate zone at the mucocutaneous junction

What anatomical landmark can be found in the oral region in which the corners of the upper and lower lip meet?

Labial comissure

What extends superiority and posteriorly from the body of the mandible?

Mandibular ramus

what part of the oral region is located on the lateral aspect of the mandible?

Mandibular ramus

What muscle can be palpated on the cheek area during EOE when patient clenches?

Masseter muscle

What 2 landmarks can be found on the frontal region of the face?

- Forehead - Area above the eyes

What articulations occur at the surface of the condyle?

- Head of the mandibular condyle & TMJ - Between the coronoid process & condyle depression (man. notch)

What anatomical structures can be found on the anterior midline part within the regions of the neck?

- Hyoid bone - Thyroid cartilage - Parathyroid gland - Submandibular salivary gland - Sublingual Salivary gland

What 3 structures can be found on the buccal region of the face?

- cheek - angle of mandible - parotid Salivary Gland

Where is the zygomatic region located?

- farther laterally around the cheekbones of the face - extends from below the lateral margin of the eye towards the middle part of the external ear

What 7 anatomical landmaks can be found on the oral region?

- lips - vermillion border - vermillion zone - mucocutaneous junction - philtrum - tubercle of the upper lip - labial comissure

What are some possible causes for the disruption of the vermillion zone to become hard to determine?

- traumatic incidents - developmental disturbances (i.e cleft lip) - Cellular changes (i.e solar damage) - Cancer (verified with biopsy)