Chapter 1 - Introduction to Computers, the Internet, and Visual C#

.NET programs can run on any platform. (T/F)

: False. .NET prorgrams run on the Common Language Runtime, which is a virtual machine

What is a key advantage of interpreters over compilers? What is a key disadvantage?

A key advantage is that interpreters can execute high-level language programs directly (without the need for compilation). A key disadvantage is that interpreted programs exexute more slowly than compiled programs.

The three types of computer programming languages discussed in the chapter are machine languages _______ , _______ and ________

Assembly Languages, High-Level Languages

Microsoft's Windows _________ is a cloud-computing platform that allows you to develop, manage and distribute your apps in the cloud.

Azure. (Instructor Note: "Microsoft's Windows" should be simply "Microsoft" in this exercise.)

Describe the two-step translation process for preparing your C# code to execute on your particular computer

C# code is first compiled into MSIL and placed in an executable file. When the app executes, another complier called the JIT (just-in-time) complier in the CLR translates the MSIL in the executable file into machine-language code (for particular platform)

You send messages to an object. Each message is implemented as a method ________ that tells a method of the object to perform its task

Call

Objects, or more precisely the _______ that objects come from, are essentially reusable software components

Classes

Why is using cloud-computing resources sometimes preferable to purchasing all the hardware you need for your own computer?

Cloud computing gives you the flexibility to increase or decrease computing resources to meet your resource needs at any given time, making it more cost effective than purchasing expensive hardware to ensure that you have enough storage and processing power at their occasional peak levels.

The _________ executes .NET programs

Common Language Runtime (CLR) of the .NET Framework

What did the chief benefit of the early Internet prove to be?

Communication by e-mail. Today, that communication is also facilitated by applications such as instant messaging and file transfer.

The programs that translate high-level language programs into machine language are called ________

Compliers

Computers process data under the control of sequences of instructions called _________

Computer Programs

Data items processed by computers form a __________ that becomes larger and more complex in structure as we progress from bits to characters to fields, and so on.

Data Hierarchy

Visual C# is __________ driven. You'll write programs that respond to mouse clicks, key strokes, timer expirations and touches and finger swipes

Event

The Unicode character set is a popular subset of ASCII that represents uppercase and lowercase letters, digits and some common special characters. (T/F)

False. ASCII is a subset of Unicode.

The smallest data item in a computer can assume the value 1 or the value 2. Such a data item is called a bit (short for "binary digit"—a digit that can assume either of two values). (T/F)

False. Such items have the value 0 or 1

C# is available only on Microsoft Windows (T/F)

False. There are ports of C# for other platforms, such as Linux

The .NET Framework Class Library has millions of valuable prebuilt classes that have been tested and tuned to maximize performance. (T/F)

False. Thousands, not millions, of prebuilt classes

The information carrying capacity of communications lines on the internet has increased tremendously, while hardware costs have increased (T/F)

False: Hardware costs have decreased

Microsoft's ASP.WEB technology is used to create web apps (T/F)

False: It's ASP.NET Technology

Secondary storage data takes much longer to access than data in primary memory, but the cost per unit of secondary storage is much higher than that of primary memory (T/F)

False: The cost per unit of secondary storage is much lower than that of primary memory

Java has become the key programming language for the MAC OS X Desktop operating system an all iOS-based devices, such as iPods, iPhones and iPads (T/F)

False: The language is Swift, not Java

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) ensures that messages, consisting of sequentially numbered pieces called bytes, were properly routed from sender to receiver, arrived intact and were assembled in the correct order (T/F)

False: The pieces are called packets, not bytes

How does the .NET Framework Class Library facilitate the development of .NET apps?

First, the Framework Class Library is a large library of reusable classes that reduces development time. Programmers can build software quickly by reusing framework's classes, rather than building new classes "from scratch." Second, the Framework Class Library is shared by all of the .NET languages, which means that programmers who work in multiple languages have to learn only one class library

A computer consists of various devices referred to as _________ , such as the keyboard, screen, mouse, hard disks, memory, DVD drives and processing units.

Harware

Tim Berners-Lee developed the ________ for sharing information via "hyperlinked" text documents on the web.

HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

Visual studio is a(n) _________ in which C# programs are developed

IDE

The ability of a program to run without modification across multiple platforms is known as platform _________

Independence

A new class of objects can be created quickly and conveniently by ______—the new class absorbs the characteristics of an existing class, possibly customizing them and adding unique characteristics of its own.

Inheritance

What is the key capability of the web?

It allows computer users to locate and view multimedia-based documents on almost any subject over the Internet.

What is the key accomplishment of the UML?

It replaced the many different graphical modeling languages with a single (unified) language for modeling that can be used by developers regardless of the different OOAD processes they may use.

Arrange these byte measurements in order from smallest to largest: Terabyte, megabyte, petabyte, gigabyte, and kilobyte

Kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte, petabyte

Computers can directly understand only their _________ language, which is composed of only 1s and 0s

Machine

The CLR provides various services to _________ code, such as integrating software components written in different .NET languages, error handling between such components, enhanced security and more

Managed

A(n) ________ processor implements several processors on a single "microchip" ---a dual-core processor has two CPUs and a quad core processor has four CPUs

Multicore

What are operating systems?

Operating systems are software systems that make using computers more convenient for users, app developers and system administrators. They provide services that allow each app to execute safely, efficiently and concurrently (i.e., in parallel) with other apps.

What are the advantages to using object-oriented techniques?

Programs that use object-oriented programming techniques are easier to understand, correct and modify. The key advantage with using object-oriented programming is that it tends to produce software that is more understandable, because it is better organized and has fewer maintenance requirements than software produced with earlier methodologies. OOP helps the programmer build applications faster by reusing existing software components that model items in the real world. OOP also helps programmers create new software components that can be reused on future software development projects. Building software quickly, correctly, and economically has been an elusive goal in the software industry. The modular, object-oriented design and implementation approach has been found to increase productivity while reducing development time, errors, and cost.

To create the best solutions, you should follow a detailed analysis process for determining your project's ___________ (i.e, deciding how the system should do it.)

Requirements

You are probably wearing on your wrist one of the world's most common types of objects— a watch. Discuss how each of the following terms and concepts applies to the notion of a watch: object, attributes and behaviors

The entire watch is an object that is composed of many other objects (the moving parts, the band, the face, etc.) Watch attributes are time, color, band style, technology (digital or analog), and the like. The behaviors of the watch include setting the time and getting the time. A watch can be considered a specific type of clock (as can an alarm clock).

What are the key benefits of the .NET Framework and the CLR? What are the drawbacks?

The key benefits are portability between operating systems and interoperability between languages. As long as a CLR exists for a platform, it can run any .NET program. Programmers can concentrate on program logic instead of platform-specific details. Thus, the double compilation (code-to-MSIL, and MSIL-to-machine code) allows for platform independence: Programs can be written once and executed on any platform supporting the CLR—this is known as platform independence. Code written once could easily be used on another machine without modification, saving time and money. A second benefit of the .NET framework is language interoperability— software components written in different languages can interact (language independence). A drawback associated with these features is that .NET programs cannot be run until the .NET Framework is developed for a platform. Another is the overhead of the double compilation that is needed before a .NET-language program can be executed

What is the key advantage of using the new async feature in preference to using old-style multithreading?

The new features simplify asynchronous programming, because the compiler hides much of the associated complexity from the developer.

What is the key vision of Microsoft's .NET initiative?

To embrace the Internet and the web in the development and use of software.

A database is a collection of data that's organized for easy access and manipulation (T/F)

True

An object has attributes that it carries along as it's used in a program (T/F)

True

High-Level languages allow you to write instructions that look almost like everyday English and contain commonly used mathematical expressions (T/F)

True

Microsoft's Windows operating system is the most widely used desktop operating system worldwide (T/F)

True

One of the W3C's primary goals is to make the web universally accessible to everyone regardless of disabilities, language or culture. (T/F)

True

Reuse helps you build more reliable and effective systems, because existing classes and components often have gone through extensive testing, debugging and performance tuning. (T/F)

True

Software objects model both abstract and real-world things (T/F)

True

The Universal Windows Platform (UWP) is designed to provide a common platform (the underlying system on which apps run) and user experience across all of your devices including personal computers, smartphones, tablets and Xbox Live. (T/F)

True

The most popular database model is the relational database in which data is stored in simple tables. A table includes records and files (T/F)

True

You can build web-based apps with C# and Microsoft's ASP.NET technology (T/F)

True

Each of the following is a form of computer output: data displayed on screens, printed on paper, played as audio or video on PCs and media players, used to control other devices, such as robots, 3D printers and "intelligent" appliances. (T/F)

True.

Although many different OOAD processes exist, a single graphical language for communicating the results of any OOAD process has come into wide use. This language, known as the _________ , is now the most widely used graphical scheme for modeling object-oriented systems.

UML

Windows 10 introduced the ________ for building Windows apps that run on desktop computers, notebook computers, tablets, phones, Xbox and even Microsoft's new HoloLens augmented reality holographic headset - all using nearly identical code

Universal Windows Platform (UWP)

You can sell your own Windows Phone Apps in the __________

Windows Store

A key goal of Java is to be able to write programs that will run on a great variety of computer systems and computer-control devices. This is sometimes called ___________

Write once, run anywhere

Categorize each of the following items as either hardware or software: a) CPU b) Compiler c) Input unit d) A word-processor program e) A C# program

a) Hardware. b) Software. c) Hardware. d) Software. e) Software.

Translator programs, such as assemblers and compilers, convert programs from one language (referred to as the source language) to another language (referred to as the target language). Determine which of the following statements are true and which are false: a) An assembler translates source-language programs into machine-language programs. b) High-level languages are generally machine dependent. c) A machine-language program requires translation before it can be run on a computer d) The C# compiler translates high-level-language programs into SMIL.

a) True. b) False. A high-level language must be compiled into machine-dependent language before it can be executed. This allows high-level languages to be used on all computers with appropriate compilers. c) False. A machine-language program is native to a specific machine. d) False. It translates C# into MSIL.

Expand each of the following acronyms: a) W3C b) OOP c) CLR d) MSIL e) UML f) IDE

a) World Wide Web Consortium b) Object-Oriented Programming c) Common Language Runtime d) Microsoft Intermediate Language e) Unified Modeling Language f) Integrated Development Environment

In object-oriented programming languages, we create a program unit called a(n) ________ to house the set of methods that perform its tasks.

class

Translator programs called ____________ convert high-level language code into machine language code.

compilers

Systems such as smartphones, appliances, game controllers, cable set-top boxes and automobiles that contain small computers are called ___________

embedded systems

Just as characters are composed of bits, __________ are composed of characters or bytes.

fields

Information on secondary storage devices is __________; it's preserved even when the computer's power is turned off.

persistent

Converting a program to run on a different platform from which it was originally intended is called __________

porting

By using existing controls—which are objects—you can create powerful apps much faster than if you had to write all the code yourself. This is a key benefit of software ________.

reuse

Use a building-block approach to creating your programs. Avoid reinventing the wheel—use existing pieces wherever possible. Such software ________ is a key benefit of object-oriented programming.

reuse

The programs that run on a computer are referred to as______

software

The CLR is a(n) _________ machine. It is software that manages the execution of programs and hides from them the underlying operating system and hardware.

virtual