Chapter 1 - Learn Smart

oblique

the minor plane known as the _______ plane passes through the specimen at an angle.

Leonardo da Vinci

Began his study around 1500, performed dissections to improve his drawing and painting techniques.

Systemic Anatomy

Focuses on the gross anatomy of each functional group of related organs in the body:

Radiographic Anatomy

Focuses on the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures.

digital

The anatomical term for fingers or toes is ___________.

Mediastinum

__________ contains thymus, trachea, and esophagus.

Nervous tissue

__________ tissue conducts impulses for internal communication

Muscle tissue

__________ tissue produces movement

Connective tissue

__________ tissue protects, supports, and interconnects body parts and organs.

Herophilus

"Father of Anatomy" - Greek scientist whose efforts lead to early descriptions of anatomic structures. He was the first scientist to publicly dissect and compare human and animal bodies.

Hippocrates

"Father of Medicine" - (400 B.C.) Greek physician though that the body should be treated as a whole.

Galen of Pergamum

"Prince of Physicians" - (130 - 200 A.D.) founded the basic teaching principles of the first European medical school.

Andreas Vesalius

"Reformer of Anatomy" - (mid-1500s) Belgian physician and anatomist began a movement in medicine and anatomy characterized by "refined observations"; promoted the idea of "living anatomy".

Surgical Anatomy

Focuses on the gross anatomy of each functional group of related organs in the body:

Organ level

In which structural levels do different tissue types combine to form a functional structure?

hand

Lumbar is to lower back as manus is to

muscular

Muscles are major organs of the _________ system.

parietal; visceral

Regarding the serous membranes of the ventral cavity, a __________ layer lines the internal surface of the body wall, while a __________ layer covers the external surface of organs.

Pathologic Anatomy

Specialized study of all anatomic changes resulting from disease

parietal pleura

The ______ lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall.

urinary

The __________ system filters blood and removes waste products from blood.

buccal

The anatomical term for cheek is ___________.

mental

The anatomical term for chin is ___________.

Patellar

The anatomical term for kneecap is _______.

umbilical

The anatomical term for navel is _________.

Perineal

The anatomical term for the diamond-shaped region between the thighs that contains the anus and selected external reproductive organs is _______.

nervous

The brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves are organs of the _______ system

Nervous System

Which organ system is a regulatory organ system that controls body movement and is responsible for intelligence?

male reproductive system

Which organ system produces sperm cells?

Plastination

Which technology is unique in that is preserves specimens using reactive polymers?

Systemic anatomy

Which type of anatomy studies the gross anatomy of each organ system in the body?

Pericardial cavity

________ cavity contains the heart.

Abdominal cavity

_________ cavity contains the spleen, liver, and pancreas.

Pelvic cavity

_________ cavity contains the urinary bladder and urethra.

shoulder

Cephalic is to head as deltoid is to ___________.

trachea, esophagus, heart

Contents of the mediastinum include the

Caudal

Cranial is opposite of _________.

Proximal

Distal is opposite of ________.

Protection, regulates body temp., site of cutaneous receptors, synthesized vitamin D, prevents water loss

Functions of the integumentary system include:

Regional Anatomy

In __________ ____________, which is a division of gross anatomy, all the elements in a particular area of the body are examined as a whole.

heart, capillaries, veins, arteries

Organs of the cardiovascular system include:

Esophagus, liver, stomach, small/large intestine

Organs of the digestive system include:

Hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, kidneys, testes, ovaries, parathyroid glands

Organs of the endocrine system include:

Gunther Von Hagen

Scientist who invented plastination as a way to preserve specimens. His work was the foundation of "Body Worlds: The Anatomical Exhibition of Real Human Bodies".

The eyes look forward, and the head is level.

What is the accurate description of the anatomic position?

proximal

Which anatomic directional term means "closest tot he point of attachment to the trunk"?

Regional anatomy

___________ anatomy examines all the structures within a specific region of the body as a complete unit.

Surface Anatomy

___________ anatomy examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them.

Epithelial

___________ tissue covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities.

vagina, uterus, ovary, uterine tube

Organs of the female reproductive system include:

ductus deferens, penis, testes

Organs of the male reproductive system include:

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Organs of the respiratory system include:

cranial

The correct anatomic directional term for "at the head end" is _______.

medial

The correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the midline of the body" is:

rostral

The correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the nose" is ___________.

right lumbar

The superior part of the cecum is typically found in the ___________ ___________ region.

Microscopic

Which branch of anatomy are individual cells or thin slices of some part of the body prepared for examination?

Tissues

__________ are precise organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions.

coronal

A __________ plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

responsiveness

A stimulus to the skin of the hand causes someone to withdraw their hand from the stimulus to prevent damage; this is an example of:

William Harvey

English scientist - (early 1600s) - who established the basis for modern embryology

Deep

Superficial is opposite of ________

ventral

The correct anatomic directional term for "at the belly side of the human body" is

reproduction

The production of new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair is an example of:

organ

The structure that contains two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions is called a(n)

Dorsal

Ventral is opposite of _________.

anatomic position

Visualizing the body in the _______ _____ is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing regions.