Chapter 1 - Learn Smart
oblique
the minor plane known as the _______ plane passes through the specimen at an angle.
Leonardo da Vinci
Began his study around 1500, performed dissections to improve his drawing and painting techniques.
Systemic Anatomy
Focuses on the gross anatomy of each functional group of related organs in the body:
Radiographic Anatomy
Focuses on the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures.
digital
The anatomical term for fingers or toes is ___________.
Mediastinum
__________ contains thymus, trachea, and esophagus.
Nervous tissue
__________ tissue conducts impulses for internal communication
Muscle tissue
__________ tissue produces movement
Connective tissue
__________ tissue protects, supports, and interconnects body parts and organs.
Herophilus
"Father of Anatomy" - Greek scientist whose efforts lead to early descriptions of anatomic structures. He was the first scientist to publicly dissect and compare human and animal bodies.
Hippocrates
"Father of Medicine" - (400 B.C.) Greek physician though that the body should be treated as a whole.
Galen of Pergamum
"Prince of Physicians" - (130 - 200 A.D.) founded the basic teaching principles of the first European medical school.
Andreas Vesalius
"Reformer of Anatomy" - (mid-1500s) Belgian physician and anatomist began a movement in medicine and anatomy characterized by "refined observations"; promoted the idea of "living anatomy".
Surgical Anatomy
Focuses on the gross anatomy of each functional group of related organs in the body:
Organ level
In which structural levels do different tissue types combine to form a functional structure?
hand
Lumbar is to lower back as manus is to
muscular
Muscles are major organs of the _________ system.
parietal; visceral
Regarding the serous membranes of the ventral cavity, a __________ layer lines the internal surface of the body wall, while a __________ layer covers the external surface of organs.
Pathologic Anatomy
Specialized study of all anatomic changes resulting from disease
parietal pleura
The ______ lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall.
urinary
The __________ system filters blood and removes waste products from blood.
buccal
The anatomical term for cheek is ___________.
mental
The anatomical term for chin is ___________.
Patellar
The anatomical term for kneecap is _______.
umbilical
The anatomical term for navel is _________.
Perineal
The anatomical term for the diamond-shaped region between the thighs that contains the anus and selected external reproductive organs is _______.
nervous
The brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves are organs of the _______ system
Nervous System
Which organ system is a regulatory organ system that controls body movement and is responsible for intelligence?
male reproductive system
Which organ system produces sperm cells?
Plastination
Which technology is unique in that is preserves specimens using reactive polymers?
Systemic anatomy
Which type of anatomy studies the gross anatomy of each organ system in the body?
Pericardial cavity
________ cavity contains the heart.
Abdominal cavity
_________ cavity contains the spleen, liver, and pancreas.
Pelvic cavity
_________ cavity contains the urinary bladder and urethra.
shoulder
Cephalic is to head as deltoid is to ___________.
trachea, esophagus, heart
Contents of the mediastinum include the
Caudal
Cranial is opposite of _________.
Proximal
Distal is opposite of ________.
Protection, regulates body temp., site of cutaneous receptors, synthesized vitamin D, prevents water loss
Functions of the integumentary system include:
Regional Anatomy
In __________ ____________, which is a division of gross anatomy, all the elements in a particular area of the body are examined as a whole.
heart, capillaries, veins, arteries
Organs of the cardiovascular system include:
Esophagus, liver, stomach, small/large intestine
Organs of the digestive system include:
Hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, kidneys, testes, ovaries, parathyroid glands
Organs of the endocrine system include:
Gunther Von Hagen
Scientist who invented plastination as a way to preserve specimens. His work was the foundation of "Body Worlds: The Anatomical Exhibition of Real Human Bodies".
The eyes look forward, and the head is level.
What is the accurate description of the anatomic position?
proximal
Which anatomic directional term means "closest tot he point of attachment to the trunk"?
Regional anatomy
___________ anatomy examines all the structures within a specific region of the body as a complete unit.
Surface Anatomy
___________ anatomy examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them.
Epithelial
___________ tissue covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities.
vagina, uterus, ovary, uterine tube
Organs of the female reproductive system include:
ductus deferens, penis, testes
Organs of the male reproductive system include:
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Organs of the respiratory system include:
cranial
The correct anatomic directional term for "at the head end" is _______.
medial
The correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the midline of the body" is:
rostral
The correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the nose" is ___________.
right lumbar
The superior part of the cecum is typically found in the ___________ ___________ region.
Microscopic
Which branch of anatomy are individual cells or thin slices of some part of the body prepared for examination?
Tissues
__________ are precise organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions.
coronal
A __________ plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
responsiveness
A stimulus to the skin of the hand causes someone to withdraw their hand from the stimulus to prevent damage; this is an example of:
William Harvey
English scientist - (early 1600s) - who established the basis for modern embryology
Deep
Superficial is opposite of ________
ventral
The correct anatomic directional term for "at the belly side of the human body" is
reproduction
The production of new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair is an example of:
organ
The structure that contains two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions is called a(n)
Dorsal
Ventral is opposite of _________.
anatomic position
Visualizing the body in the _______ _____ is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing regions.