Chapter 1 Notes

Which are examples of homeostasis?

- Maintaining body temperature by sweating - Maintaining blood glucose levels by releasing insulin - Maintaining blood pH by hyperventilating

Which of the following is an example of a best practice for effectively studying anatomy and physiology material?

Explaining a concept to a study partner

The word "anatomy" comes from

Greek and means "to cut apart."

Which of the following is not an example of homeostasis?

Maintaining body temperature by putting on a hoodie

If you are cold and your body alters the circulation near the skin in order to conserve heat, what characteristic of life is this representing?

Regulation

Choose the statement that best exemplifies the interrelated nature of anatomy and physiology.

Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells, which is appropriate for organs where filtration and diffusion occur.

Which is a physiological description rather than an anatomical one?

The muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and involuntarily.

The smallest structural unit that exhibits the characteristics of living things is

a cell

The category of reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones is known as

catabolism

The correct anatomic directional term for "at the back side of the human body" is

dorsal

The part of the homeostatic control mechanism that brings about change is the

effector

When you are exposed to bright light, a reflex is initiated and the muscles of your iris contract to decrease your pupil size. The iris muscles are acting as a(n)

effector

The term "hallux" refers to the

great toe

The control center of a homeostatic mechanism

integrates sensory input and signals for change as needed

Which system is responsible for providing protection, regulating body temperature, and being the site of cutaneous receptors?

integumentary

The median space in the thoracic cavity is called the

mediastinum

The _____ lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity.

parietal peritoneum

The anatomic changes that result from disease are studied under

pathologic anatomy

The moist, two-layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is called the

peritoneum

When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets attach and recruit more platelets to the area. These new platelets recruit even more, quickly increasing the number of platelets until the damage is sealed with a blood clot. This amplification is an example of

positive feedback (blood clotting is a classic example of positive feedback)

When medical students study all of the structures in a particular area of the body as a unit (for example, all the muscles, blood vessels, and nerves of the leg), that approach is called

regional anatomy

When an organism senses and reacts to changes in their internal or external environments, this is an example of

responsiveness

Cephalic is to head as deltoid is to

shoulder

Homeostasis is best described as

the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite a changing external environment.

A(n) _______ plane separates the body into superior and inferior parts.

transverse

Both anatomists and physiologists are aware that form and function are interrelated.

true

Damage to the heart can cause inadequate blood circulation, which can lead to more damage to the heart. This is an example of a positive feedback cycle.

true

The antecubital region is proximal to the carpal region.

true

The fact that the structures of cells vary widely reflects the specializations needed for their different functions.

true

The bones of the vertebral column form a cavity called the

vertebral canal

The layer of the pleural membrane that is attached to the surface of the lung is the

visceral pleura