Chapter 1: Nutrition

Identify the main nutrition related goal of healthy people 2020

The main nutrition related goal of healthy people 2020 is to promote good health and reduce the risk of chronic disease by consuming healthful diets and achieving and maintaining healthy body weights.

Discuss how Americans' eating habits have changed since 1970

Today Americans eat higher amounts of fruits and vegetables than in the past but choices tend to lack a variety. Over the past 40 years, Americans' intake of calories, added sugars, and added fat has increased

A nutrition diet plus regular exercise may reduce your chances of developing these serious chronic diseases

True

Physiological dose

amount of a nutrient within the range of safe intake that enables the body to function optimally

megadose

amount of a vitamin or mineral that is at least 10 times the recommended amount of the nutrient

phytochemicals

compounds made of plants that are not nutrients plants make hundreds of phytochemicals

Food insecurity

describes individuals concerned about running out of food or not having enough money to buy more food

List three things that influence your habits

family background , eating pattern and convenience.

empty calories food

food in which a large portion of energy is from unhealthy solid fat, added sugar, and/or alcohol

Nutrient dense foods

food that contains more vitamins and minerals in relation to unhealthy fat, added sugar, and/or alcohol content

weight

grams

sustainable agriculture

includes farming methods that meet the demand for more food without depleting natural resources or harming the environment

biotechnology

is the use of living things -- plants, animals, microbes -- to manufacture new products

explain how your lifestyle can affect your health

lifestyle factors such as alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use; and physical activity pattern

volume

liters

Kilocalorie or Calorie

measure of food energy

length

meters

Macronutrients

needed in relatively large amounts. provide energy (carbohydrates, proteins and fats)

dietary supplements

nutrient preparations, certain hormones, and herbal products

over nutrition is often characterized by

obesity

dietary moderation

obtaining enough nutrients from food + Avoiding excessive amounts + balance calories intake with expenditure

water

required in large amounts but not a macronutrient but it does not provide energy (calories)

Malnutrition

state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished may be from inadequate or excessive amounts of nutrients (includes over nutrition and under nutrition)

Antioxidants

substances that gives up electrons to radicals to protect cells.

Energy density

the energy value of food in relation to its weight

Eating a ______ foods can help ensure the nutritional adequacy of a diet

variety

2.2 pounds equals

1 kg

Undernutrition contributing factors

1) anorexia nervosa 2) chronic alcoholism 3) low income

Poor diet is associated with several leading causes of death

1) heart disease 2) some type of cancer 3) stroke

Dietary supplement includes

1) herbs 2) vitamins 3) minerals 4) other plant products that supplement the diet e.g echinacea flower (herbal supplement )

among people who are 2 years of age or older should

1) increase fruit intake 2) increase the variety and intake of vegetables 3) increases whole grain intake 4) reduce intake of solid fats and added sugars 5) reduce sodium intake 6) increase calcium intake

To eat well you must

1) learn about nutritional values of foods and how they effect your body 2) be motivated to make changes

Undernutrition during lifecycle stages

1) pregnancy 2) infancy 3) preschool years

1 Kilocalories = _________ calories

1000

food insecurity occurred in ______ % of all US households in 2015

13

1 inch equals

2.54 cm

1 ounce equals

28 grams

1 gram of carbohydrate

4 kcal

1 gram of protein

4 kcal

1 pound equals

454 grams

1 gram of pure alcohol

7 kcal

1 gram of fat

9 kcal

what is risk factor?

A risk factor is a personal characteristic that increases chances of developing a chronic disease

Discuss how Americans' eating habits were since 1970

Americans eat less red meat meat, milk and yogurt, and eggs and more fish and shellfish, cheese, and chicken and turkey, than in 1970. The diet supplies more grain and cereal products, but refined grain foods make up majority of these products.

chronic

Long-standing, constant. Opposite of acute

Most naturally occurring foods are ______

Mixtures of nutrients

Micronutrients

Need in very small amounts. Do not provide energy (Vitamins and minerals)