Chapter 1: Nutrition
Identify the main nutrition related goal of healthy people 2020
The main nutrition related goal of healthy people 2020 is to promote good health and reduce the risk of chronic disease by consuming healthful diets and achieving and maintaining healthy body weights.
Discuss how Americans' eating habits have changed since 1970
Today Americans eat higher amounts of fruits and vegetables than in the past but choices tend to lack a variety. Over the past 40 years, Americans' intake of calories, added sugars, and added fat has increased
A nutrition diet plus regular exercise may reduce your chances of developing these serious chronic diseases
True
Physiological dose
amount of a nutrient within the range of safe intake that enables the body to function optimally
megadose
amount of a vitamin or mineral that is at least 10 times the recommended amount of the nutrient
phytochemicals
compounds made of plants that are not nutrients plants make hundreds of phytochemicals
Food insecurity
describes individuals concerned about running out of food or not having enough money to buy more food
List three things that influence your habits
family background , eating pattern and convenience.
empty calories food
food in which a large portion of energy is from unhealthy solid fat, added sugar, and/or alcohol
Nutrient dense foods
food that contains more vitamins and minerals in relation to unhealthy fat, added sugar, and/or alcohol content
weight
grams
sustainable agriculture
includes farming methods that meet the demand for more food without depleting natural resources or harming the environment
biotechnology
is the use of living things -- plants, animals, microbes -- to manufacture new products
explain how your lifestyle can affect your health
lifestyle factors such as alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use; and physical activity pattern
volume
liters
Kilocalorie or Calorie
measure of food energy
length
meters
Macronutrients
needed in relatively large amounts. provide energy (carbohydrates, proteins and fats)
dietary supplements
nutrient preparations, certain hormones, and herbal products
over nutrition is often characterized by
obesity
dietary moderation
obtaining enough nutrients from food + Avoiding excessive amounts + balance calories intake with expenditure
water
required in large amounts but not a macronutrient but it does not provide energy (calories)
Malnutrition
state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished may be from inadequate or excessive amounts of nutrients (includes over nutrition and under nutrition)
Antioxidants
substances that gives up electrons to radicals to protect cells.
Energy density
the energy value of food in relation to its weight
Eating a ______ foods can help ensure the nutritional adequacy of a diet
variety
2.2 pounds equals
1 kg
Undernutrition contributing factors
1) anorexia nervosa 2) chronic alcoholism 3) low income
Poor diet is associated with several leading causes of death
1) heart disease 2) some type of cancer 3) stroke
Dietary supplement includes
1) herbs 2) vitamins 3) minerals 4) other plant products that supplement the diet e.g echinacea flower (herbal supplement )
among people who are 2 years of age or older should
1) increase fruit intake 2) increase the variety and intake of vegetables 3) increases whole grain intake 4) reduce intake of solid fats and added sugars 5) reduce sodium intake 6) increase calcium intake
To eat well you must
1) learn about nutritional values of foods and how they effect your body 2) be motivated to make changes
Undernutrition during lifecycle stages
1) pregnancy 2) infancy 3) preschool years
1 Kilocalories = _________ calories
1000
food insecurity occurred in ______ % of all US households in 2015
13
1 inch equals
2.54 cm
1 ounce equals
28 grams
1 gram of carbohydrate
4 kcal
1 gram of protein
4 kcal
1 pound equals
454 grams
1 gram of pure alcohol
7 kcal
1 gram of fat
9 kcal
what is risk factor?
A risk factor is a personal characteristic that increases chances of developing a chronic disease
Discuss how Americans' eating habits were since 1970
Americans eat less red meat meat, milk and yogurt, and eggs and more fish and shellfish, cheese, and chicken and turkey, than in 1970. The diet supplies more grain and cereal products, but refined grain foods make up majority of these products.
chronic
Long-standing, constant. Opposite of acute
Most naturally occurring foods are ______
Mixtures of nutrients
Micronutrients
Need in very small amounts. Do not provide energy (Vitamins and minerals)