Chapter 1 | The Study of Human Anatomy

*Of the serous membranes associated with the lungs, what portion adheres directly to the lungs?*

*Visceral pleura*

List the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants.

1 Right Upper Quadrant 2 Left Upper Quadrant 3 Right Lower Quandrant 4 Left Lower Quadrant

Name the 3 common ways to approach Gross anatomy

1 Surface anatomy 2 Regional anatomy 3 Systemic anatomy

*What body cavity (inferior portion of the ventral cavity) contains all the digestive, urinary, and internal reproductive organs as well as the adrenal glands and spleen?*

Abdominopelvic cavity

What is the anatomical term for: the wrist?

Carpus Carpal region

What is the anatomical term for: the superior portion of the foot?

Dorsum Dorsal surface

*Away from the midline of the body*

Lateral

What minor plane passes through the body or specimen at an angle?

Oblique plane

What is the anatomical term for: the region of the face associated with the eyes?

Oculus Ocular Orbital region

What is the anatomical term for: the region overlying the kneecap?

Patella Patellar region

What cavity houses the bladder, the internal reproductive organs, and the distal portion of the digestive tract (rectum)?

Pelvic cavity

What is the potential space surrounding the heart?

Pericardial cavity

What serous membrane surrounds the heart?

Pericardium

*What is the anatomical term for: the region between the pubic symphysis, the coccyx, and the ischial tuberosities?*

Perineum Perineal region

What is the potential space between the two layers of the membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity?

Peritoneal cavity

What is the anatomical term for: the area overlying the pubic bones?

Pubis or Pubic region

*What fundamental plane of reference: passes vertically through the body, dividing it into right and left portions (can be unequal)?*

Sagittal plane

*Toward the head or above*

Superior

What is the anatomical term for: the chest?

Thoracis or Thorax Thoracic region

What level of complexity: deals with distinct aggregations of similar cells working together to perform a specific function?

Tissue level

What is the etymology of anatomy?

To cut up

*What fundamental plane of reference: divides the body into superior and inferior portions?*

Transverse/Horizontal plane

What is the anatomical term for: the navel?

Umbilicus Umbilical region

*At the belly-side of the body*

Ventral (synonymous to Anterior)

*What body cavity hold the spinal cord?*

Vertebral Canal

Of the membranes that line the ventral cavity, what layer adheres *to the external surface of the internal organs*?

Visceral (layer)

*Of the serous membranes associated with the lungs, what portion adheres to the internal thoracic wall?*

*Parietal pleura*

*What is the anatomical term for: the surface anatomy region of the pelvis associated with the large, posterior, hip muscles?*

Gluteus or Buttock Gluteal region

*What do we call the study of the anatomical structures that are visible to the unaided eye?*

Gross anatomy

*What is the anatomical term for: the great (big) toe?*

Hallux

*Toward the feet or below*

Inferior

*On the outside or closer to the surface*

Superficial

*What is anatomy?*

The study of form (structure) at the cellular to organismal level

*In front of or towards the front surface*

Anterior

What serous membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity?

Peritoneum

What cavity houses most of the digestive organs, the kidneys, the ureters of the urinary system, the adrenal glands, and the spleen?

Abdominal cavity

*What is the anatomical term for: the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist?*

Antebrachium Antebrachial region

*What is the anatomical term for: the front of the elbow?*

Antecubitis Antecubital region

*What is the anatomical term for: the armpit?*

Axilla Axillary region

*Towards the inside or under a structure*

Deep

*What muscular partition separates the ventral cavity into two smaller cavities?*

Diaphragm

What is the anatomical term for: the fingers and toes?

Digits Digital region

*Farthest to the point of attachment, point of origin, or central point*

Distal

*At the backside of the body*

Dorsal (synonymous to Posterior)

What is the function of the serous fluid associated with these membranes?

Lubrication

*What is the anatomical term for: the small of the back (lower back)?*

Lumbus Lumbar region

*Toward the midline of the body*

Medial

*What is the space in the middle of the chest that contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels but not the lungs?*

Mediastinum

What is the anatomical term for: the chin?

Mentis Mental region

What do we call the study of the anatomical structures that cannot be observed by the unaided eye?

Microscopic anatomy

*What fundamental plane of reference: passes vertically through the body, dividing it into right and left halves (equal)?*

Midsagittal plane

What level of complexity: deals with anatomical structures composed of at least two of the primary tissue types and performing specific functions?

Organ level

What level of complexity: deals with organs working together to achieve a common function?

Organ system

What is the anatomical term for: the mouth?

Oris Oral region

What is the anatomical term for: the anterior portion of the hand formed by the metacarpals?

Palma Palmar region

What is the anatomical term for: the anterior portion of the fingers?

Palmar or Flexor surface

Of the membranes that line the ventral cavity, what layer adheres *to the internal surface of the body wall*?

Parietal (layer)

*Of the membrane surrounding the heart, what portion forms the sac surrounding the heart?*

Parietal pericardium Fibrous and serous layer

*What portion of the membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity lines the internal walls of the cavity?*

Parietal peritoneum

What is the anatomical term for: the foot?

Pes Pedal region

What term implies an *imaginary* flat *surface* passing through the body?

Plane

*What is the anatomical term for: the sole of the foot?*

Planta Plantar surface

What serous membrane is associated with the lungs?

Pleura

What is the potential space between the lungs and the thoracic wall?

Pleural cavity

*What is the anatomical term for: the thumb?*

Pollex

*What is the anatomical term for: the area on the posterior aspect of the knee?*

Popliteus Popliteal region

*In back of or towards the back surface*

Posterior

*Closest to the point of attachment, point of origin, or central point*

Proximal

List the nine abdominopelvic regions.

R Hypochondriac Region L Hypochondriac Region Epigastric Region Right Lumbar Region Left Lumbar Region Umbilical Region Right Iliac (Inguinal) Region Left Iliac (Inguinal) Region Hypogastric (Pubic) Region

What term implies an actual *cut* or *slice* to expose the internal anatomy?

Section

What is the potential space between the two layers of the membranes lining the ventral cavity?

Serous cavity

What type of membrane lines the ventral cavity?

Serous membrane

Describe the anatomical position using 5 independent details.

Standing upright Feet parallel, flat on floor Head level, eyes forward Arms at side Palms forward, thumbs out

*What is physiology?*

The study of the function of the body's structures

*What portion of the membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity forms a sheath around the external surfaces of most digestive organs?*

Visceral peritoneum

What is the anatomical term for: the cheek?

Bucca Buccal region

*Of the membrane surrounding the heart, what portion forms the heart's external surface?*

Visceral pericardium

*What is the anatomical term for: the portion of the upper limb between the shoulder and the elbow?*

Brachium Brachial region

What level of complexity: deals with the basic structural and functional unit of life?

Cellular level

*What is the anatomical term for: the head?*

Cephalon Cephalic region

*What is the anatomical term for: the neck?*

Cervicis Cervical region

*What fundamental plane of reference: passes vertically through the body and divides it into front and back portions?*

Coronal/Frontal plane

*What body cavity hold the brain?*

Cranial Cavity (Cranium)

*What is the anatomical term for: the braincase?*

Cranium Cranial region

*What is the anatomical term for: the portion of the lower limb from the knee to the ankle?*

Crus Crural region

*What body cavity hold the brain and spinal cord?*

Dorsal (Posterior) cavity

What is the anatomical term for: the posterior portion of the fingers?

Dorsal or Extensor surface

What is the anatomical term for: the back of the body from the base of the neck to the end of the spine?

Dorsum Dorsal region

*What is the anatomical term for: the anterior region where a fold is created as the torso meets the thigh?*

Inguen or Inguinal (Groin) region

*What is the anatomical term for: the portion of the lower limn from the hip to the knee?*

Femur or Thigh Femoral region

*What body cavity (superior part of the ventral cavity) is surrounded by the ribs and vertebral column, and holds the heart and lungs?*

Thoracic Cavity