Chapter 1 - Psychological Tests: What Are They and Why Do We Need Them?

C

Evidence of psychological testing can be traced back to A- cavemen challenging each other to lift heavy stones B- selection of candidates for the Roman senate C- public service examinations in ancient China D- Hammurabi's code of civil law

C

Tests used as a sample of behaviour require A- a large sample of individual items Bv an inference from the observed behaviour to the existence of an underlying disposition C- the direct performance of the behaviour of interest D- the use of multiple symbols

A

Tests used as a sign of behaviour require A- an inference from the observed behaviour to the existence of an underlying disposition B- the direct performance of the behaviour of interest C- a large sample of individual items D- the use of multiple symbols

A

The Army Alpha was A- dependent on the ability to read and write B- a precursor of the Army Beta C- an early index of reliability developed by military psychologists D- the highest grade of achievement on a set of tests developed for the US army during the First World War

C

The Deviation IQ is based on the notion of A- delinquency as a factor affecting the development of intelligence B- mental age versus chronological age C- a z-score D- verbal versus performance scores

B

The MMPI was designed to A- screen soldiers during the Second World War B- discriminate between normals and patient groups with particular diagnoses C- assess personality in normal adults D- assess Multiphasic Personality Disorder

C

The Queensland Test was specifically designed by McElwain and Kearney to avoid dependency on A- Spearman's g B- motor performance C- language of administration D- mental age

D

The Rorschach ink blot test was originally designed to identify A- Freudian unconscious motivations B- artistic ability C- schizophrenia D- Jungian psychological types

B

The dictation test a key tool in enforcing the White Australia policy involved A- migrants having to write about 50 words dictated in English B- migrants having to write about 50 words dictated in any prescribed language C- migrants having to read aloud a short passage written in English D- migrants having to read aloud a short passage written in any prescribed language

A

Wechsler based his concept of verbal and performance scales on A- the Army Alpha and Beta B- subscales from the Stanford-Binet test C- the ideas of mental age and chronological age D- Spearman's theory of intelligence

D

Spearman's g refers to A- a method of factor analysis devised by Spearman B- Spearman's theory of intelligence C- a statistic devised by Spearman as an index of intelligence D- the common element in all cognitive tests

B

A psychological test is A- a measure of personality or ability B- an objective procedure for sampling and quantifying human behaviour C- a set of questions or items whose answers can be tallied to yield a total score D- a method of tapping into someone's unconscious

A

'Empirical keying' refers to A- scoring a test based on its ability to discriminate between certain identifiable groups of people B- scoring a test based on the theory of what is being measured C- scoring a test using a scoring key made out of cardboard in which small holes reveal the correct answers D- empirically validating test scores via research

D

A psychological test can become obsolete when A- psychological theory develops to render the basis of the test obsolete B- society changes to render the content of items less appropriate C- society changes to render the tests norms obsolete D- all of the above

D

Human judgment is influenced by A- personal bias B- halo effects C- errors of central tendency D- all of the above

B

James McKeen Cattell coined the term mental test in which decade? A- 1880-1889 B- 1890-1899 C- 1900-1909 D- 1910-1919

C

Objective tests are objective because A- they are scored in a simple, straightforward manner B- scoring is heavily dependent on the judgment of the scorer C- different scorers are likely to produce the same test score from the same test performance D- they are based on responses to ambiguous stimuli

A

One of the major achievements of psychology in the twentieth century was A- the development and application of psychological tests B- the application of tests during the First World War C- the development of the Deviation IQ D- the solution of the mind-body problem

B

Porteus developed an early performance test based on A- block design B- mazes C- non-verbal cues D- drawing people

B

Projective tests are not objective because A- they are scored in a simple, straightforward manner B- scoring is heavily dependent on the judgment of the scorer C- different scorers are likely to produce the same test score from the same test performance D- they are based on responses to ambiguous stimuli

A

Projective tests originated from A- Freud's idea that all behaviour was caused by unconscious motivational effects B- Jung's theory of psychological types C- the attempt to develop tests that did not rely on language D- accidentally spilling ink on a test booklet

C

Psychological assessment refers to A- mental testing B- testing people using psychological tests C- the high-level reasoning process involved in the application of psychological procedures D- writing reports based on psychological test scores

C

Psychological tests are A- more relevant to psychological theory than practice B- more relevant to psychological practice than theory C- important tools for psychological research D- rarely used in research settings

D

Psychological tests are used to A- help make decisions about people B- promote self-understanding C- measure psychological constructs D- all of the above

A

Psychological tests are usually composed of a large number of items because A- any one item is usually influenced by a host of factors apart from the psychological construct of interest B- it is better to measure many traits rather than just a few C- total scores need to be calculated from the sum of raw scores D- item response theory suggests that many items should be used

A

The first intelligence test was developed by A- Binet and Simon B- Spearman C- Stanford and Binet D- Terman and Wechsler

D

The first self-report test of personality was developed by A- McElwain B- Simon C- Terman D- Woodworth

B

The first theory of intelligence was developed by A- Binet and Simon B- Spearman C- Stanford and Binet D- Terman and Wechsler

B

The major forms of psychological test as we know them today had been developed by A- the Second World War B- the 1950s C- the 1960s D- the year 2000

D

The psychological testing enterprise began to be questioned on grounds of A- privacy B- diversity C- discrimination D- all of the above