Chapter 1 Reading & Quiz

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approximately how many people die each year from infectious disease

10 million

prokaryotic organisms have been around for about how long?

3.5 billion years

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek designed the first microscope to magnify up to

300x

Louis Pasteur

A French chemist, this man discovered that heat could kill bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk, wine, and beer. Proved spontaneous generation was flase

who developed the first single-lens microscope

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Robert Koch demonstrated in 1875 that _______ , _________ is the causative agent of anthrax

Bacillus anthracis

the zoonotic virus that traveled from the Caribbean to Florida in 2014

Chikungunya

which is larger prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic

What did Francisco Redi's experiment show

His experiment showed that flies Do Not arise from rotting meat. It disproved "spontaneous generation". One of the first experiments investigating spontaneous generation, many people were still not convinced

The formal system of organizing, classifying, and naming living things was started by who

Linnaeus

Which scientist is most responsible for finally laying the theory of spontaneous generation to rest?

Louis Pasteur

Which physician observed that women who gave birth at home had fewer infections than did mothers who gave birth in hospitals?

Oliver Wendell Holmes

Joseph Lister typically used the disinfectant ______________, prior to performing surgery.

Phenol or Carbolic acid

which early microbiologist was most responsible for developing standard microbiology laboratory techniques?

Robert Koch

Hand washing was promoted by ____ before Lister introduced disinfectant

Semmelweis

Which scientist established a connection between infections in the maternity ward and physicians with unwashed hands coming directly from autopsies?

Semmelweis

Robert Koch was able to propose that

a microorganism is linked to a disease.

a hypothesis can be defined as

a scientific explanation that is subject to testing

When a hypothesis has been thoroughly supported by long-term study and data, it is considered

a theory

Which of the following is an explanation of the natural world that has been repeatedly tested and verified using the scientific method?

a theory

What did Pasteur's experiments with swan-flasks demonstrate

abiogenesis did not occur

which photosynthesis single-celled or multicellular microorganisms are often found in aquatic environments

algae

What did Leeuwenhoek call what he saw under the microscope

animalcules

which of the following is not able to replicate on its own archaea, viruses, protozoa, helminths

archaea

Order the following by size (smallest to largest) HIV, Protozoan, rickettsia, protein, worm, coccus-shaped bacterium, spirochete, atom

atom, protein, HIV, rickettsia, coccus-shaped bacterium, spirochete, protozoan, worm

which microbes do not have a true nucleus

bacteria

which of the following microorganisms represents prokaryotic cell types? algae, viruses, bacteria, protists

bacteria

which of the following are prokaryotic? bacteria, archaea, protists

bacteria and archaea

the study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms that does not include the Archaea is called

bacteriology

the 2 word naming system of organisms

binomial system of nomenclature

Which of the following is not an emerging infectious disease? avian influenza, Lyme disease, common cold, West Nile fever

common cold

which of the following parts was absent from Leeuwenhoek's microscope? focusing screw, lens, specimen holder, condenser

condenser

Edward Jenner used what to vaccinate for small pox?

cowpox blisters

newly identified diseases that are becoming more prominent are called

emerging diseases

eukaryotic cells are believed to have evolved from prokaryotic cells through the process of

endosymbiosis

An area of microbiology that is concerned with the occurrence of disease in human populations is...

epidemiology

living things change gradually over time through natural selection is the theory of

evolution

Heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeast, molds, and mushrooms, are called

fungi

Microscopic mold and yeasts and macroscopic mushrooms are grouped together as

fungi

which of the following genera of microbes has been linked with gastric ulcers? escherichia, helicobacter, klebsiella, staphylococcus

helicobacter

which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms

helminths

an organism in/on which smaller organisms (or viruses) live, feed, and reproduce on

host

The Germ theory of disease

human diseases can come from infections

Chlamydia infections have been linked to what condition for females?

infertility

In the Whittaker system, organisms were divided into one of five ______.

kingdoms

What is spontaneous generation?

living things can arise from nonliving matter

The Italian physician Francesco Redi demonstrated that

maggots cannot spontaneously develop on decaying meat

the field of study of the effect of microorganisms on human beings is

medical microbiology

most bacterial cells are measured in

micrometers

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism? archaeon, bacterium, protozoan, mushroom

mushroom

The 3 main concerns in taxonomy are

naming, classifying, identifying

most viruses are measured in

nanometers

Charles Darwin proposed that the mechanism by which evolution occurs is

natural selection

diseases that occur in the poorest populations, are receive very little attention, are called

neglected tropical diseases

Characteristics of a virus

not cellular, and not allive

what criteria is used to classify organisms in the Whittaker system

nutritional type, cell type, body organization, structure

any small, membrane-bound component found inside an eukaryotic cell is an

organelle

pathogenic protozoa, helminth worms, and certain insects are traditionally studied in the field of

parasitology

the term used for any infectious agent that causes diseases, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses

pathogen

the study of simple photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms, the algae, is known as

phycology

A prominent difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

presence of a nucleus in eukaryotes

Mad cow disease and Creutzfeld-Jakob disease are caused by what microbe

prions

proteinaceous infectious particles are called

prions

which type of microorganisms lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and specialized internal structures to carry out their functions?

prokaryotic

the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall is the

protozoa

the mostly single-celled eukaryotic organisms are

protozoa

monitoring the control and spread of diseases is covered by the fields of (2)

public health, epidemiology

older disease that have been known for a long time, but are now increasing in occurance

re-emerging diseases

which process involves the deliberate alteration of an organism's genetic material?

recombinant DNA

Viral particles are usually (larger/smaller) than prokaryotic cells.

smaller

What is the order of taxonomic categories from most specific to general

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

what is abiogenesis

spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter

MRSA is a drug-resistant strain of what bacteria?

staphylococcus aureus

when a strain is resistant to so many antibiotics they are known as

superbugs

a scientist who classifies, names, and identifies microorganism's is known as

taxonomist

the classification, naming, and identification of organisms is called

taxonomy

which event helped establish the science of microbiology

the development of the microscope

the study of viruses is called

virology

what is not cellular and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat

virus

the common cold and AIDS are caused by what microbe

viruses

what are the most common microbes on earth?

viruses

which microbes have a true nucleus? virus, archaea, yeast, prion, protists

yeast, protists

infectious diseases native to animals that can be transmitted to humans are called

zoonoses


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