Chapter 1 Section 2: Network Edge

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Radio Link: Wide-Area

Cellular, 3G. Few Mbps

Frequency Division Multiplexing:

Difference Channels Transmitted in different frequency band

Coaxial Cable

Two Concentric copper conductors Bidirectional Broadband: Multiple Channels on Cable. HFC

Enterprise Access Networks (Ethernet)

Usually has a "Ethernet Switch" that is connected to the Institutional Link to ISP which is then connected to the Institutional Router and then connected to Institutional Mail & Web Servers

Access Net Home Network

Usually has a "wireless access point" that is connected a "router" that sometimes contains a firewall or NAT. (Sometimes a Wireless access point & Router are combined into one box).then the router is connected to the cable or DSL Modem, and from there the connection goes to & From Headend or Central office

Physical Link:

What lies between Transmitter & Receiver

Wireless LANs

Within Building (100ft) 802.11b/g (Wi-Fi):11,54 Mbps Transmission Rate

Q: How to Connect End Systems to Edge Router?

*Residential Access Nets *Institutional Access Networks (School,Company) *Mobile Access Networks (3G, 4G: LTE, Cellular) Also Bandwidth (bits per second) of access network? will it be shared or dedicated?

DSL Rates

< 2.5 Mbps Upstream Transmission rate (typically < 1 Mbps) < 24 Mbps Downstream Transmission Rate (typically < 10 Mbps)

(HFC) Hybrid Fiber Coax

Asymmetric: Up to 30 Mbps Downstream Transmission rate, 2 Mbps Upstream Transmission rate

Cable Headend

Cable Modem Termination System

Fiber Optic Cable

Glass Fiber carrying light pulses. each pulse a bit. High Speed Operation,Low Error Rate

Network Edge

Hosts: Clients and Servers Servers are often in Data Centers

Network Core

Interconnected Routers, Network of Networks

Radio Link: Satellite

Kbps to 45 Mbps Channels (or Multiple smaller channels) 270 msec end-end delay geosynchronous versus low altitude.

Packet Transmission Delay

L (Bits) ____________________ R (Bits/Sec

Bit

Propagates between Transmitter/Receiver Pairs

Access Networks,Physical Media

Wired, Wireless communication links

Fiber Optic Cable Low Error Rate

Repeaters spaced far apart. immune to electromagnetic noise

Category 6

10 Gbps

Enterprise Access Networks (Ethernet) Transmission Rates

10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1 Gbps 10 Gbps

Category 5:

100 Mbps, 1 Gbps Ethernet

Radio

Signal Carried in electromagnetic spectrum no physical "wire" Bidirectional propagation environment effects: Reflection Obstruction by objects Interference

Unguided Media

Signals propagate freely. Radio

Guided Media

Signals propagate in solid media. Copper, fiber, coax

Packets Length L Bits

Smaller chunks of Data all a part of an Application Message

DSLAM

DSL Access Multiplexer

DSL Phone Line

Data over it goes to Internet. Voice over it goes to Telephone net

Fiber Optic Cable High Speed Operation:

High speed point to point transmission.ex: 10's-100's Gbps transmission rate

Access Network

Is a Network which connects Subscribers to their Immediate Service Provider

Link Bandwidth

Link Transmission Rate, aka Capacity

Cable Network #2

Network of cable or Fiber that attaches to homes to ISP Router

Wide-Area Wireless Access

Provided by Telco (Cellular) Operator, 10's km Between 1 and 10 Mbps 3G, 4G:LTE

Twisted Pair (TP)

Two insulated copper wires

Radio Link: Terrestrial Microwave

Type of Radio Link that can go Up to 45 Mbps Channels

Radio Link: LAN

Type of Radio Link that is known as Wi-Fi. 11 Mbps, 54 Mbps

Enterprise Access Networks (Ethernet) #2

Typically used in companies,universities, etc. today end systems typically connect into Ethernet switch

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) #2

Uses existing telephone to the Central Office(s) DSLAM. Has a splitter within the residence to separate frequencies to DSL Modem and Telephone

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Voice and Data transmitted at different Frequencies over Dedicated line to central office

Cable Network

data, TV transmitted at different frequencies over Shared cable distribution network

Transmission Rate R

transmits packet into Access network At


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