Chapter 1 Study Guide

Identify the 10 leading causes of death in the United States:

1: Heart Disease 2: Cancer 3: Chronic Lower Respiratory Infections 4: Stroke 5: Accidents 6: Alzheimer's 7: Diabetes 8: Influenza and Pneumonia 9: Kidney Disease 10: Suicide

Name the 6 Key Nutrition Concepts and understand what they mean:

1: Most Foods Are Mixtures of Nutrients: Many nutrients are found in many different types of foods. There is not one food that supplies all of the nutrients needed by our body. 2: Variety, Moderation, and Balance Can Help Ensure a Diet's Nutritional Adequacy-Variety: Consume foods from each group; Balance: A balance between food taken in and calories going out. Moderation: Proportion or amount of food we eat. 3: Food Is The Best Source of Nutrients: The most reliable and economical way for people to obtain nutrients is to base their diet on a variety of whole and minimally processed foods. Supplements create toxicity levels in the body. 4: Foods and the Nutrients They Contain Are One of Many Components of Health: There is not one food that will "cure-all" the ills of the world. Eating a variety ensures a strong body to fight off diseases. Diet is only one of many factors that affect our health. 5: Malnutrition Includes OVERNUTRITION as Well as UNDERNUTRITION: Overnutrition: Eating too much and becoming obese. Undernutrition: Not eating enough and suffering from deficiency diseases. 6: Nutrition Is a Dynamic Science: As researchers continue to explore the complex relationships between diet and health, nutrition information and dietary recommendations constantly change.

What is an essential nutrient?

A nutrient that the body must have but cannot make so it is supplied by food.

Identify specific examples of biological/physiological, cognitive/psychological, and environmental factors that influence our eating habits

Biological/Physiological: Age, ability to perceive external sensory information, internal sensations of hunger and thirst. Cognitive/Psychological: Anything involving the learning process. Past experiences, cultural practices, religious teachings, home, school, media, emotional stress level, mood. Environmental: Income, location of one's home, availability of food, relationships.

How many calories per gram are in carbohydrates, proteins, fats and alcohol?

Carbs - 4 Proteins - 4 Fats - 7 Alcohol - 9

Define Lifestyle and how a person's lifestyle choices affect diet.

Lifestyle: A routine way of living, which includes one's usual dietary practices and exercise habits. A person's life style may increase or reduce his or her chances of developing many chronic diseases or delay their occurrence for years, even decades.

What do American's buy more and less than what is recommended?

More of what is recommended: Added fats, oils, added sugars, sweeteners, high-fat protein and grains. Less of what is recommended: Vegetables, diary products a fruit.

Define and identify foods that are nutrient-dense, energy-dense and empty calorie.

Nutrient Dense: Supplies high nutrients and low calories. Broccoli, leafy greens, fat-free milk, oranges, lean meats and whole-grain cereals. Energy Dense: High or low nutrient but high in calories. Supplies energy given the weight of food. Fatty foods, nuts, peanut butter, avocados and olives. Empty Calories: Supplies high calories with low to no nutrients. Candy, snacks, chip and hostess treats

Which nutrients are the only substances that supply our body with energy?

The Macronutrients: Carbs, Lipids and Proteins

Why is it important to study nutrition?

To select the appropriate mix of nutrients for proper body functioning