CHAPTER 1 SYSTEMS
10) Most organizations find it beneficial to use a standard set of steps, called ________, to develop and support their information systems. A) Systems development methodology B) Supply chain management systems C) Analytical processing systems D) Customer relationship management systems
A
ual design D) High level design
B
26) What is the first phase in the Systems Development Life Cycle? A) Analysis B) Design C) Planning D) Procedure
C
78) The critical factor "Personnel" is related to which of the following critical factors in distinguishing agile methods from traditional systems development? A) Well matched to small products and teams B) Untested on safety-critical products C) Requires continuous presence of a critical mass of scarce experts D) Thrives in a culture where people feel comfortable and empowered by having many degrees of freedom
C
83) Under eXtreme Programming, ________ and ________ are intimately related parts of the same process. A) Design; coding B) Planning; design C) Coding; testing D) Testing; implementation
C
1) ________ would be classified as software designed to support the payroll function. A) System software B) Design software C) Analysis software D) Application software
D
11) Which of the below is a traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems? A) Prototyping B) OOAD C) RAD D) SDLC
D
25) Which of the following is NOT a part of the Evolutionary model of the SDLC process? A) Analysis B) Design C) Planning D) Procedure
D
34) Which is the fourth phase in a SDLC cycle? A) Maintenance B) Analysis C) Design D) Implementation
D
53) Most organizations found it difficult to use the systems development methodology to develop and support their information systems.
FASLE
99) Explain object-oriented analysis and design.
: Object-oriented analysis and design refers to systems development methodologies and techniques based on objects rather than data or processes. The goal of OOAD is to make systems elements reusable. OOAD is often called the third approach to systems development, after the process oriented and data-oriented approaches. The object-oriented approach combines data and processes (called methods) into single entities called objects. Objects usually correspond to the real things an information system deals with, such as customers, suppliers, contracts, and rental agreements. Putting data and processes together in one place recognizes the fact that there are a limited number of operations for any given data structure, and the object-oriented approach makes sense even though typical systems development keeps data and processes independent of each other. Difficulty: Moderate AACSB: Information Technology LO: 1.5 Explain object-oriented analysis and design and the Rational Unified Process (RUP) Classification: Synthesis 100) Describe the Rational Unified Process (RUP) and its phases. Answer: One of the most popular realizations of the iterative approach for object-oriented development is the Rational Unified Process (RUP), which is based on an iterative, incremental approach to systems development. RUP has four phases: inception, elaboration, construction, and transition. In the inception phase, analysts define the scope, determine the feasibility of the project, understand user requirements, and prepare a software development plan. In the elaboration phase, analysts detail user requirements and develop a baseline architecture. Analysis and design activities constitute the bulk of the elaboration phase. In the construction phase, the software is actually coded, tested, and documented. In the transition phase, the system is deployed, and the users are trained and supported. Difficulty: Moderate AACSB: Information Technology LO: 1.5 Explain object-oriented analysis and design and the Rational Unified Process (RUP) Classification:
91) What are Agile Methodologies? What are the three key principles of the Agile Methodologies?
: The Agile Methodologies are a response to the problems associated with the traditional SDLC methodology. The Agile Methodologies group argues that software development methodologies adapted from engineering generally do not fit with real-world software development. The three key principles are a focus on adaptive rather than predictive methodologies, a focus on people rather than roles, and a focus on a self-adaptive process. Difficulty: Moderate AACSB: Information Technology LO: 1.4 Describe the agile methodologies and eXtreme programming Classification: Synthesis 92) The structure that encapsulates attributes and methods that operate on those attributes is called a(n) ________. A) Object B) Case C) Container D) Module Answer: A Difficulty: Moderate AACSB: Information Technology LO: 1.5 Explain object-oriented analysis and design and the Rational Unified Process (RUP) Classification:
2) ________ is designed to support organizational functions or processes. A) Application software B) Design software C) Analysis software D) Testing software
A
27) Which of the following activities happens during the SDLC planning phase? A) A presentation of why the system should or should not be developed by the organization is given. B) New system requirements are identified. C) The high level design is prepared. D) User acceptance testing is performed.
A
3) What are computer programs that make it easy to use and benefit from techniques and to faithfully follow the guidelines of the overall development methodology? A) Tools B) Techniques C) Data flow D) Methodologies
A
33) In which phase of the SDLC is the information system coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization? A) Implementation B) Analysis C) Design D) Planning
A
36) Which of the following is correct with respect to the logical design? A) All functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently of any computer platform. B) Logical design does not concentrate on the business aspects of the system. C) Logical design is tied to a specific hardware and software platform. D) Technical specifications are developed.
A
4) Who has the primary responsibility for the design and analysis of information systems? A) Systems analyst B) Software engineer C) Employees D) Applications developer
A
40) Which of the following are delivered after the completion of the implementation phase? A) Code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities B) Functional, detailed specifications of all system elements C) Description of current system and where problems and opportunities are with a general recommendation on how to fix, enhance, or replace current system D) Priorities for systems and projects; an architecture for data, networks, and selection hardware, and IS management are the result of associated systems
A
43) Which of the following is a component of the Maintenance phase of the SDLC? A) New versions or releases of software with associated updates to documentation, training, and support B) Functional, detailed specifications of all system elements C) Priorities for systems and projects; an architecture for data, networks, and selection hardware, and IS management are the result of associated systems D) Code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities
A
45) Which of the following is a drawback of the traditional waterfall SDLC approach? A) Users are locked into requirements. B) There are no criticisms. C) The process is too chaotic. D) It is too short of a process.
A
46) Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the traditional waterfall SDLC approach? A) Prototypes do not work properly. B) Users are locked into requirements. C) The role of customers is narrowly defined. D) Intangible processes are given hard and fast dates.
A
47) Attempts to make systems development less of an art and more of a science are usually referred to as ________. A) Systems engineering B) Computer-aided software engineering C) Computer engineering D) Systems development
A
50) Which of the following CASE tools is useful in the analysis phase of the SDLC? A) Diagramming B) Report generators C) Form generators D) Documentation generators
A
52) Which of the following is one of three key principles shared by the Agile Methodologies? A) A focus on self-adaptive processes B) A focus on roles C) A focus on predictive methodologies D) A focus on passive processes
A
80) According to Fowler, which of the following is NOT considered a valid individual methodology that comes under the umbrella of Agile Methodologies? A) Passive Software development B) Crystal family of methodologies C) Adaptive Software Development D) Scrum
A
82) Which of the following is NOT a feature of eXtreme Programming? A) Long cycles B) Incremental planning approach C) Focus on automated tests written by programmers and customers to monitor the development process D) Reliance on an evolutionary approach to development
A
94) ________ is/are the property that occurs when entity types or object classes are arranged in a hierarchy and each entity type or object class assumes the attributes and methods of its ancestors, that is, those higher up in the hierarchy. A) Inheritance B) Objects C) Participatory design D) Object-oriented analysis and design
A
98) In the inception phase, which of the following is NOT performed by the analysts? A) Implement the project B) Understand user requirements C) Prepare a software development plan D) Determine the feasibility of the project
A
ual design D) High level design
A
28) In which phase of the SDLC are the system requirements studied and structured? A) Implementation B) Analysis C) Design D) Planning
B
5) ________ is/are the process(es) that an analyst will follow to help ensure that his work is complete, well-done, and understood by project team members. A) Tools B) Techniques C) Data flow D) Methodologies
B
6) The first procedural, or third-generation, computer programming languages did not become available until the beginning of the ________. A) 1950s B) 1960s C) 1970s D) 1980s
B
76) There are five factors that separate agile from traditional approaches to systems development. The factor "Criticality" describes which of the following agile methods factors? A) Well matched to small products and teams B) Untested on safety-critical products C) Requires continuous presence of a critical mass of scarce experts D) Thrives in a culture where people feel comfortable and empowered by having many degrees of freedom
B
79) The critical factor "Dynamism" refers to which of the following agile methods critical factors? A) Well matched to small products and teams. B) Simple design and continuous refactoring are excellent for highly dynamic environments but a source of potentially expensive rework for highly stable environments. C) Requires continuous presence of a critical mass of scarce experts. D) Thrives in a culture where people feel comfortable and empowered by having many degrees of freedom.
B
8) ________ are large, complex systems that consist of a series of independent system modules. A) Supply chain management systems B) Enterprise-wide systems C) Customer relationship management systems D) Transaction processing systems
B
9) ________ were developed to make systems developers' work easier and more consistent. A) Data analysis tools B) Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools C) Software designing tools D) Modeling tools
B
24) Which of the below is a true statement regarding the systems development life cycle? A) The SDLC is not iterative. B) It is not possible to complete some activities in one phase in parallel with those of another phase. C) The life cycle can be thought of as a circular process in which the end of the useful life of one system leads to the beginning of another project to develop a new version of or replace an existing system. D) The life cycle can be thought of as a linear process in which the end of the useful life of one system leads to the beginning of another project to develop a new version of or replace an existing system.
C
29) Which SDLC phase focuses on the business aspects of the design? A) Design B) Physical C) Logical D) Analysis
C
30) In which phase of the SDLC is the description of the recommended solution converted into logical and then physical system specifications? A) Implementation B) Analysis C) Design D) Planning
C
35) In which part of the design phase of the SDLC are the logical specifications of the system from logical design transformed into technology-specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished? A) Implementation B) Object modeling C) Physical design D) Logical design
C
48) An integrated and standard database called a ________ is the common method for providing product and tool integration, and has been a key factor in enabling CASE to more easily manage larger, more complex projects and to seamlessly integrate data across various tools and products. A) Workbook B) Project dictionary C) Repository D) Methodology
C
74) Which of the following is NOT valued according to the Agile Manifesto for software development? A) Responding to change over following a plan B) Working software over comprehensive documentation C) Prioritizing the plan over the change required D) Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
C
75) Which of the below is NOT considered as the principle as per the agile manifesto? A) Working software is the primary measure of progress. B) Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility. C) Businesspeople and developers work separately throughout the project. D) The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-organizing teams.
C
96) One of the most popular realizations of the iterative approach for object-oriented development is the ________. A) JAD B) RAD C) RUP D) eXtreme Programming
C
37) In which phase of the SDLC is an information system systematically repaired and improved? A) Implementation B) Analysis C) Design D) Maintenance
D
38) Which of the following are delivered after the completion of planning phase? A) Functional, detailed specifications of all system elements B) Description of all functional features of the proposed system C) Code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities D) Description of current system and where problems and opportunities are with a general recommendation on how to fix, enhance, or replace current system
D
39) ________ is/are the final output from the analysis phase. A) Physical system specifications B) Work plan for the project C) Priorities for systems and projects proposal D) A description of the alternative solution
D
41) Which of the following are delivered after the completion of analysis phase? A) Functional, detailed specifications of all system elements B) Priorities for systems and projects; an architecture for data, networks, and selection hardware, and IS management are the result of associated systems C) Code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities D) Description of current system and where problems and opportunities are with a general recommendation on how to fix, enhance, or replace current system
D
42) Which of the below is NOT a true statement regarding the SDLC? A) It is a highly linked set of phases whose products feed the activities in subsequent phases. B) The different phases are clearly defined. C) The relationships between phases are well specified. D) It is a rapid method to prototype and develop an application.
D
44) A specialized systems development life cycle is mainly required for ________. A) An organization that needs only one phase of the SDLC B) An organization that needs only two phases of the SDLC C) All organizations D) An organization that does not need all phases of the systems development life cycle or needs to modify phases
D
49) Which of the following is NOT a general type of CASE tools? A) Diagramming Tools B) Display and Report Generators C) Analysis Tools D) Debuggers
D
51) Which of the following CASE tools is useful in the project initiation and planning phase of the SDLC? A) Diagramming B) Report generators C) Form generators D) Documentation generators
D
7) Because computers were so expensive, computer memory was also at a premium, so system developers conserved as much memory as possible for ________. A) System design B) System analysis C) Data analysis D) Data storage
D
72) Which of the following is NOT true regarding iterative development? A) It is a mechanism for dealing with a lack of predictability. B) It focuses on the frequent production of working versions of a system. C) It provides feedback to customers. D) Feedback is not provided to developers and customers.
D
77) Under the five critical factors "Thrives in a culture where people feel comfortable and empowered by having many degrees of freedom" is related to which factor? A) Personnel B) Dynamism C) Size D) Culture
D
81) Which of the following is the best known Agile development methodology? A) Crystal family of methodologies B) Adaptive Software Development C) Scrum D) eXtreme Programming
D
84) Compared to traditional coding practices, which of the below is NOT an advantage of pair programming? A) More (and better) communication among developers B) Higher levels of productivity C) Higher-quality code D) Coding written in silos
D
85) Systems development methodologies and techniques which are based on objects rather than data or processes are known as ________. A) Inheritance B) Objects C) Participatory design D) Object-oriented analysis and design
D
93) A logical grouping of objects that have the same attributes and behaviors is known as a(n) ________. A) Object B) Case C) Container D) Object class
D
95) ________ is/are often called the third approach to systems development, after the process oriented and data-oriented approaches. A) Inheritance B) Objects C) Participatory design D) Object-oriented analysis and design
D
97) Which of the following is NOT a phase in the Rational Unified Process? A) Inception B) Elaboration C) Construction D) Calculation
D
13) According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the professional IT workforce will grow by more than 52 percent between 2010 and 2020.
FALSE
15) Techniques and tools must make it difficult for system developers to conduct the steps called for in the methodology.
FALSE
16) An organizational approach to systems analysis and design is not driven by methodologies.
FALSE
18) Most organizations never developed their applications from scratch using their in-house development staff.
FALSE
54) The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a rare methodology for systems development in many organizations
FALSE
55) The life cycle can be thought of as a linear process in which the end of the useful life of one system leads to the beginning of another project that will develop a new version or replace an existing system altogether.
FALSE
56) In the SDLC, it is not possible to complete some activities in one phase in parallel with some activities of another phase.
FALSE
57) The third phase in the SDLC is planning and in this phase the analyst thoroughly studies the organization's current procedures and the information systems used to perform organizational tasks.
FALSE
59) As part of logical design, analysts design the various parts of the system to perform the physical operations necessary to facilitate data capture, processing, and information output.
FALSE
60) Maintenance is a separate phase and not the repetition of the other life cycle phases to study and implement the needed changes.
FALSE
62) New versions or releases of software with associated updates to documentation, training, and support are not part of the maintenance phase.
FALSE
86) eXtreme Programming is not an instance of one of the Agile Methodologies.
FALSE
87) Implementation is the final step of the traditional waterfall SDLC method.
FALSE
90) The Agile Methodologies focus on the roles that people perform rather than placing the emphasis on individuals.
FALSE
12) Information systems analysis and design is a process to develop and maintain computer-based information systems.
TRUE
14) To be effective, techniques and tools must both be consistent with an organization's systems development methodology.
TRUE
17) The analysis and design of computer-based information systems began in the 1950s.
TRUE
58) The part of the design process that is independent of any specific hardware or software platform is referred to as logical design.
TRUE
61) The SDLC is a highly linked set of phases whose products feed the activities in subsequent phases.
TRUE
63) The response at the end of the SDL refers to a response plan developed during the release phase.
TRUE
64) Although almost all systems development projects adhere to some type of life cycle, the exact location of activities and the specific sequencing of steps can vary greatly from one project to the next.
TRUE
73) Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools were developed to make systems developers' work easier and more consistent.
TRUE
88) According to Griss, finding and fixing a software problem after the delivery of the system is often far more expensive than finding and fixing it during analysis and design.
TRUE
89) CASE helps programmers and analysts do their jobs more efficiently and more effectively by automating routine tasks.
TRUE