Chapter 1: The night sky from Earth, Earth in Space, Gravity and Motion, The Moon phases and Eclipses, Tides

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Most constellation names came from the _____________.

ancient Greeks

Opposite seasons

Countries in the northern and Southern Hemispheres have..

Umbra

Darkest part of the shadow

March 21st

N. Hemisphere Spring Equinox. Equal day to equal night. Marks the beginning of spring.

High tides are lower than usual and low tides are higher than usual.

Neap Tide

moon phases

The changing appearances of the Moon as seen from Earth

The Sun

The closest star to Earth; the main source of energy on Earth

Tidal range

The difference between high and low tide

West to East

The direction the earth rotates.

If I increase the distance between two object, what decreases?

The gravitational attraction of the objects.

Penumbra

The lighter part of the shadow surrounding the umbra.

June 21st---Summer Solstice

The longest day of the year for the northern hemisphere and the shortest for the southern hemisphere.

December 21st---Winter solstice

The longest day of the year for the southern hemisphere and the shortest for the northern hemisphere.

first quarter

The moon is a quarter of the way around the Earth. You can see the right half of the moon illuminated.

Inertia

The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.

Hydrogen and Helium

The two gasses that stars burn as their fuel.

Tilt of the axis

What causes Earth's seasons?

Spring Tide

What type of tide occurs during the New Moon phase?

Neap Tide

What type of tide occurs during the quarter moons?

waxing

When the Moon appears to get bigger

waning

When the Moon appears to get smaller

winter at the poles

Where would there be 24 hours of darkness?

summer at the poles

Where would there be 24 hours of daylight?

Spring Tide

Which tide occurs when the moon, the sun, and Earth are in a straight line?

Total Eclipse

You can see total eclipses on Earth when you're located in the darkest part of the shadow (umbra) that is made and entire moon or sun is blocked out.

Rotation

the act or process of moving or turning around a central point. The Earth rotates on its axis.

Revolution

the action of moving around something in a path that is similar to a circle. The Earth revolves or orbits the Sun (1 year).

Orbit

the path that a body follows as it travels around another body in space

waxing crescent

the phase of the moon in which only a curved edge of the moon's side that faced earth is illuminated, lasts about 6 days, can be a small sliver or almost a quarter moon.

full moon

the phase of the moon in which we see the entire moon illuminated, and it appears bright and round

astronomy

the scientific study of the universe

Sunset

the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon (West).

gibbous

when the size of the illuminated portion of the moon is greater than half but not a full moon, lasts about 6 days can be almost all white or just a little more than 1/2 white

There are ________constellations used in the Western culture.

88

Gravity on Earth

9.8 m/s/s

Star Chart

A Map showing the constellations, planets and deep sky objects of the sky

zodiac

A band centered on the ecliptic and encircling the sky

Comet

A body of ice and dust that travels in a long narrow orbit around the sun.

star

A giant ball of hot gas, mainly composed of hydrogen and helium.

Planet

A large round object that revolves around a star; is rounded by its own gravity.

Lunar Eclipse

A lunar eclipse is the blocking of sunlight to the moon.

Weight

A measure of the force of gravity in an object.

Moon

A natural satellite that revolves around a planet.

constellation

A pattern or group of stars that people imagined to represent a figure, animal, or object

Solar Eclipse

A solar eclipse is the blocking of sunlight to Earth that happens when the moon is between the sun and Earth.

Meteor

A streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth's atmosphere.

Spring Tide

Is it a Spring or Neap tide occurring?

Low Tide

Is it a high or low tide occurring at point A and C?

High Tide

Is it a high or low tide occurring at point D and B?

Scientist who 1st came up with the theory of gravity.

Isaac Newton

Ursa Major and Ursa Minor

The big and little dipper are stars we can see all year round.

Lunar Cycle

29.5 Days. Time it takes the moon to show all 8 phases.

satellite

An object that revolves around another object in space

Tide

Caused by the difference in how much gravity from the moon and the sun pulls on different parts of the earth.

March and September

Equinoxes---- Months of the year where there is equal day hours to night time hours.

The Earth spins or rotates in this direction.

From west to east

What two factors keep the Earth in orbit?

Gravity and Inertia

Hemisphere

Half of a sphere a half of the earth, usually as divided into northern and southern halves by the equator, or into western and eastern halves by an imaginary line passing through the poles.

24 hours

How many hours of darkness the south pole has during the winter solstice

6

How many hours pass between a high tide and a low tide?

12

How many hours pass between first high tide and second high tide?

Two

How many low tides does a specific location experience each day?

Twice

How often does a high tide occur at a specific location each day?

The sun rises.....

In the east

The sun sets.......

In the west

If I increase mass, I increase.....

Inertia

The resistance of an object to move.

Inertia

Can only happen during a full moon phase.

Lunar Eclipse

Planets after Earth from the Sun that we can see in the night sky.

Mars, Jupiter and Saturn

Gravity depends on these two factors

Mass of the objects and distance between them

Planets before Earth from the Sun that we can see in the daytime.

Mercury and Venus

5 Planets that are visible with a a telescope

Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn

new moon

Moon phase that occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun, at which point the Moon cannot be seen because its lighted half is facing the Sun and its dark side faces Earth.

September 21st

N. Hemisphere Fall Equinox. Equal day and equal night. Marks the beginning of Fall.

If you went to the moon, would your mass change?

No, your mass would stay the same.

Ecliptic

Path the sun takes across the sky

Venus

Planet that is the brightest in the night time sky.

The apparent motion of of stars depends on the ______________ of Earth.

Rotation

Star position vary from.....

Season to Season

These are caused by Earth's orbit around the sun.

Seasonal Changes

Can only happen during the new moon phases.

Solar Eclipse

High tides are higher than usual and low tides are lower than usual.

Spring Tide

Mass

The amount of matter in an object.

25 Hours

The amount of time each location on earth sweeps through 2 high tides and 2 low tides.

90*

The angle formed by the sun, earth and moon during a neap tide.

0 or 180*

The angle formed by the sun, earth and moon during a spring tide.

Gravity

The attractive force between objects; the force that moves objects downhill .

How would the moon move if Earth's mass increased?

The moon would spiral toward Earth.

Rotation

The motion of earth that affects the tide cycle.

orbit

The path that the moon takes around earth.

third quarter

The phase of the moon when it is three-quarters of the way through its orbit, and we see the left half of the moon illuminated.

67,000 mph

The rate at which the Earth orbits the Sun.23.5

23.5* Tilt of Earth

The reason the Earth experiences seasons.

Day and Night

The rotation of the Earth gives us...?

Law of universal gravitation

The scientific law that states that every object in the universe attracts every other object.

1000 mph

The speed at which the earth rotates at the equator

Partial Eclipses

You see partial eclipses on Earth when you're in the part of the shadow surrounding the umbra, called penumbra. There still is blocking of light during a partial eclipse, but not all light like in a total eclipse.

Force

a push or pull

Sunrise

a time in the morning when the sun appears (East).

Would you weight more or less on the moon?

less

Crescent moon

when the size of the illuminated portion of the moon is less than half but not a quarter moon, lasts about 6 days can be almost no white or just a little less than 1/2 white


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