Chapter 1: The night sky from Earth, Earth in Space, Gravity and Motion, The Moon phases and Eclipses, Tides
Most constellation names came from the _____________.
ancient Greeks
Opposite seasons
Countries in the northern and Southern Hemispheres have..
Umbra
Darkest part of the shadow
March 21st
N. Hemisphere Spring Equinox. Equal day to equal night. Marks the beginning of spring.
High tides are lower than usual and low tides are higher than usual.
Neap Tide
moon phases
The changing appearances of the Moon as seen from Earth
The Sun
The closest star to Earth; the main source of energy on Earth
Tidal range
The difference between high and low tide
West to East
The direction the earth rotates.
If I increase the distance between two object, what decreases?
The gravitational attraction of the objects.
Penumbra
The lighter part of the shadow surrounding the umbra.
June 21st---Summer Solstice
The longest day of the year for the northern hemisphere and the shortest for the southern hemisphere.
December 21st---Winter solstice
The longest day of the year for the southern hemisphere and the shortest for the northern hemisphere.
first quarter
The moon is a quarter of the way around the Earth. You can see the right half of the moon illuminated.
Inertia
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.
Hydrogen and Helium
The two gasses that stars burn as their fuel.
Tilt of the axis
What causes Earth's seasons?
Spring Tide
What type of tide occurs during the New Moon phase?
Neap Tide
What type of tide occurs during the quarter moons?
waxing
When the Moon appears to get bigger
waning
When the Moon appears to get smaller
winter at the poles
Where would there be 24 hours of darkness?
summer at the poles
Where would there be 24 hours of daylight?
Spring Tide
Which tide occurs when the moon, the sun, and Earth are in a straight line?
Total Eclipse
You can see total eclipses on Earth when you're located in the darkest part of the shadow (umbra) that is made and entire moon or sun is blocked out.
Rotation
the act or process of moving or turning around a central point. The Earth rotates on its axis.
Revolution
the action of moving around something in a path that is similar to a circle. The Earth revolves or orbits the Sun (1 year).
Orbit
the path that a body follows as it travels around another body in space
waxing crescent
the phase of the moon in which only a curved edge of the moon's side that faced earth is illuminated, lasts about 6 days, can be a small sliver or almost a quarter moon.
full moon
the phase of the moon in which we see the entire moon illuminated, and it appears bright and round
astronomy
the scientific study of the universe
Sunset
the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon (West).
gibbous
when the size of the illuminated portion of the moon is greater than half but not a full moon, lasts about 6 days can be almost all white or just a little more than 1/2 white
There are ________constellations used in the Western culture.
88
Gravity on Earth
9.8 m/s/s
Star Chart
A Map showing the constellations, planets and deep sky objects of the sky
zodiac
A band centered on the ecliptic and encircling the sky
Comet
A body of ice and dust that travels in a long narrow orbit around the sun.
star
A giant ball of hot gas, mainly composed of hydrogen and helium.
Planet
A large round object that revolves around a star; is rounded by its own gravity.
Lunar Eclipse
A lunar eclipse is the blocking of sunlight to the moon.
Weight
A measure of the force of gravity in an object.
Moon
A natural satellite that revolves around a planet.
constellation
A pattern or group of stars that people imagined to represent a figure, animal, or object
Solar Eclipse
A solar eclipse is the blocking of sunlight to Earth that happens when the moon is between the sun and Earth.
Meteor
A streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth's atmosphere.
Spring Tide
Is it a Spring or Neap tide occurring?
Low Tide
Is it a high or low tide occurring at point A and C?
High Tide
Is it a high or low tide occurring at point D and B?
Scientist who 1st came up with the theory of gravity.
Isaac Newton
Ursa Major and Ursa Minor
The big and little dipper are stars we can see all year round.
Lunar Cycle
29.5 Days. Time it takes the moon to show all 8 phases.
satellite
An object that revolves around another object in space
Tide
Caused by the difference in how much gravity from the moon and the sun pulls on different parts of the earth.
March and September
Equinoxes---- Months of the year where there is equal day hours to night time hours.
The Earth spins or rotates in this direction.
From west to east
What two factors keep the Earth in orbit?
Gravity and Inertia
Hemisphere
Half of a sphere a half of the earth, usually as divided into northern and southern halves by the equator, or into western and eastern halves by an imaginary line passing through the poles.
24 hours
How many hours of darkness the south pole has during the winter solstice
6
How many hours pass between a high tide and a low tide?
12
How many hours pass between first high tide and second high tide?
Two
How many low tides does a specific location experience each day?
Twice
How often does a high tide occur at a specific location each day?
The sun rises.....
In the east
The sun sets.......
In the west
If I increase mass, I increase.....
Inertia
The resistance of an object to move.
Inertia
Can only happen during a full moon phase.
Lunar Eclipse
Planets after Earth from the Sun that we can see in the night sky.
Mars, Jupiter and Saturn
Gravity depends on these two factors
Mass of the objects and distance between them
Planets before Earth from the Sun that we can see in the daytime.
Mercury and Venus
5 Planets that are visible with a a telescope
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn
new moon
Moon phase that occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun, at which point the Moon cannot be seen because its lighted half is facing the Sun and its dark side faces Earth.
September 21st
N. Hemisphere Fall Equinox. Equal day and equal night. Marks the beginning of Fall.
If you went to the moon, would your mass change?
No, your mass would stay the same.
Ecliptic
Path the sun takes across the sky
Venus
Planet that is the brightest in the night time sky.
The apparent motion of of stars depends on the ______________ of Earth.
Rotation
Star position vary from.....
Season to Season
These are caused by Earth's orbit around the sun.
Seasonal Changes
Can only happen during the new moon phases.
Solar Eclipse
High tides are higher than usual and low tides are lower than usual.
Spring Tide
Mass
The amount of matter in an object.
25 Hours
The amount of time each location on earth sweeps through 2 high tides and 2 low tides.
90*
The angle formed by the sun, earth and moon during a neap tide.
0 or 180*
The angle formed by the sun, earth and moon during a spring tide.
Gravity
The attractive force between objects; the force that moves objects downhill .
How would the moon move if Earth's mass increased?
The moon would spiral toward Earth.
Rotation
The motion of earth that affects the tide cycle.
orbit
The path that the moon takes around earth.
third quarter
The phase of the moon when it is three-quarters of the way through its orbit, and we see the left half of the moon illuminated.
67,000 mph
The rate at which the Earth orbits the Sun.23.5
23.5* Tilt of Earth
The reason the Earth experiences seasons.
Day and Night
The rotation of the Earth gives us...?
Law of universal gravitation
The scientific law that states that every object in the universe attracts every other object.
1000 mph
The speed at which the earth rotates at the equator
Partial Eclipses
You see partial eclipses on Earth when you're in the part of the shadow surrounding the umbra, called penumbra. There still is blocking of light during a partial eclipse, but not all light like in a total eclipse.
Force
a push or pull
Sunrise
a time in the morning when the sun appears (East).
Would you weight more or less on the moon?
less
Crescent moon
when the size of the illuminated portion of the moon is less than half but not a quarter moon, lasts about 6 days can be almost no white or just a little less than 1/2 white