Chapter 10 Blood

A person with type B blood can receive blood from what two blood types?

B and O

Be able to identify the different types of blood cells

Neutrophil- three or more lobes, eosinophil- two lobes, monocyte- one lobe, lymphocyte- round

The immune serum used to prevent maternal sensitization to Rh antigens is called what?

RhoGAM

Molly has blood type A and her daughter has blood type B. Why can't Molly donate blood to her daughter?

Type B blood contains anti-A antibodies, which will agglutinate (clump up) with type A blood

When is hemolysis of blood most likely to occur?

When a Rh negative person receives the second transfusion of blood that is Rh positive

White blood cells differ from red blood cells because they only contain what?

a nucleus and most organelles

The process whereby the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBCs to clump

agglutination

Name the important plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood.

albumin

A decrease in the oxygen carrying ability of the blood, for any reason, is a condition known as _______.

anemia

Abnormally low levels of white blood cells cause a condition known as _____

anemia

Name the substance that stimulates the immune system to release antibodies.

antigen

Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called an ____.

antigen

The ABO blood groups are based on what two antigens?

antigen A and antigen B

What type of leukocyte contains heparin, an anticoagulant?

basophil

What ion is essential for blood clotting?

calcium

The formation of an insoluble clot during hemostatic is called _____.

coagulation

Compatibility testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipients' serum is called what?

cross matching

The type of leukocyte that fights allergies and parasitic worms

eosinophil

Which formed element is the most abundant in blood?

erythrocyte

Which type of blood cell lacks a nucleus and most organelles?

erythrocyte

The rate of erythrocyte production is controlled by a hormone is known as

erythropoietin

During coagulation, long hairlike molecules known as ____ form the basis of a clot.

fibrin

Which insoluble fiber forms a mesh network and is the basis for the formation of a clot during coagulation?

fibrin

Each hemoglobin molecule is able to transport how many molecules of oxygen?

four

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are all three examples of what type of lymphocyte?

granulocyte

Which white blood cell contains granules and lobed nuclei?

granulocyte

Name the two major groups of white blood cells.

granulocytes and agranulocytes

The percentage of erythrocytes in the blood is called_____

hematocrit

Name the condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBCs.

hemolytic disease of the newborn

Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors are referred to as ______.

hemophilia

The series of reactions that stops blood from flowing following a cut is called ____.

hemostasis

What anticoagulant medication is prescribed to inhibit the formation of clots?

heparin

When a total white blood cell count is above 11,000 cells/mm3, this condition called ______

leukocytosis

Which organ is largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors?

liver

Which type of agranulocyte produces antibodies?

lymphocyte

Platelets are fragments of multinucleate cells called ______.

megakaryocytes

The most common type of leukocyte is the ______

neutrophil

List the leukocytes in order from most common to least common.

neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil

Accumulation of destroyed fetal red blood cells in a newborn causes _______.

physiologic jaundice

The condition in which fetal RBCs are destroyed faster than the infant liver can rid the body of the hemoglobin is called _____.

physiologic jaundice

The matrix of blood is called what?

plasma

How is hemophilia treated?

plasma transfusions and injections of missing clotting factors

The application of a sterile gauze to a cut aids with what?

platelet plug formation

Which red blood cell disorder may result from life at a higher altitude?

polycythemia

If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh ______.

positive

Where does hematopoiesis produce new red blood cells?

red bone marrow

An immature RBC which contains some endoplasmic reticulum is called what?

reticulocyte

Is blood slightly alkaline or slightly acidotic?

slightly alkaline

What enzyme joins soluble fibrinogen proteins into long molecules of fibrin during coagulation?

thrombin

A persistent clot in an unbroken blood vessel

thrombus

Which blood type contains the A antigen only?

type A

What is the most common type of blood in the US population?

type O

Which blood type can a person with type O blood receive in a transfusion?

type O

Which blood type carries no antigens?

type O

List the proper sequence of hemostasis.

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Bleeding disorders often result from a lack of what vitamin?

vitamin K

What is normal blood pH?

7.35 to 7.45

What is the average functional lifespan of a RBC?

100-120 days

Normal whole blood contains how many grams of hemoglobin per 100 mL of blood?

12-18

How long does it take blood to clot normally?

3 to 6 minutes

Severe shock that can be fatal occurs with blood loss exceeding what percent?

30

Name the blood type that contains both A and B antigens.

AB

The process by which white blood cells travel through the wall of blood vessels is termed ______.

diapedesis