Chapter 10 Blood
A person with type B blood can receive blood from what two blood types?
B and O
Be able to identify the different types of blood cells
Neutrophil- three or more lobes, eosinophil- two lobes, monocyte- one lobe, lymphocyte- round
The immune serum used to prevent maternal sensitization to Rh antigens is called what?
RhoGAM
Molly has blood type A and her daughter has blood type B. Why can't Molly donate blood to her daughter?
Type B blood contains anti-A antibodies, which will agglutinate (clump up) with type A blood
When is hemolysis of blood most likely to occur?
When a Rh negative person receives the second transfusion of blood that is Rh positive
White blood cells differ from red blood cells because they only contain what?
a nucleus and most organelles
The process whereby the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBCs to clump
agglutination
Name the important plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood.
albumin
A decrease in the oxygen carrying ability of the blood, for any reason, is a condition known as _______.
anemia
Abnormally low levels of white blood cells cause a condition known as _____
anemia
Name the substance that stimulates the immune system to release antibodies.
antigen
Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called an ____.
antigen
The ABO blood groups are based on what two antigens?
antigen A and antigen B
What type of leukocyte contains heparin, an anticoagulant?
basophil
What ion is essential for blood clotting?
calcium
The formation of an insoluble clot during hemostatic is called _____.
coagulation
Compatibility testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipients' serum is called what?
cross matching
The type of leukocyte that fights allergies and parasitic worms
eosinophil
Which formed element is the most abundant in blood?
erythrocyte
Which type of blood cell lacks a nucleus and most organelles?
erythrocyte
The rate of erythrocyte production is controlled by a hormone is known as
erythropoietin
During coagulation, long hairlike molecules known as ____ form the basis of a clot.
fibrin
Which insoluble fiber forms a mesh network and is the basis for the formation of a clot during coagulation?
fibrin
Each hemoglobin molecule is able to transport how many molecules of oxygen?
four
Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are all three examples of what type of lymphocyte?
granulocyte
Which white blood cell contains granules and lobed nuclei?
granulocyte
Name the two major groups of white blood cells.
granulocytes and agranulocytes
The percentage of erythrocytes in the blood is called_____
hematocrit
Name the condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBCs.
hemolytic disease of the newborn
Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors are referred to as ______.
hemophilia
The series of reactions that stops blood from flowing following a cut is called ____.
hemostasis
What anticoagulant medication is prescribed to inhibit the formation of clots?
heparin
When a total white blood cell count is above 11,000 cells/mm3, this condition called ______
leukocytosis
Which organ is largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors?
liver
Which type of agranulocyte produces antibodies?
lymphocyte
Platelets are fragments of multinucleate cells called ______.
megakaryocytes
The most common type of leukocyte is the ______
neutrophil
List the leukocytes in order from most common to least common.
neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil
Accumulation of destroyed fetal red blood cells in a newborn causes _______.
physiologic jaundice
The condition in which fetal RBCs are destroyed faster than the infant liver can rid the body of the hemoglobin is called _____.
physiologic jaundice
The matrix of blood is called what?
plasma
How is hemophilia treated?
plasma transfusions and injections of missing clotting factors
The application of a sterile gauze to a cut aids with what?
platelet plug formation
Which red blood cell disorder may result from life at a higher altitude?
polycythemia
If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh ______.
positive
Where does hematopoiesis produce new red blood cells?
red bone marrow
An immature RBC which contains some endoplasmic reticulum is called what?
reticulocyte
Is blood slightly alkaline or slightly acidotic?
slightly alkaline
What enzyme joins soluble fibrinogen proteins into long molecules of fibrin during coagulation?
thrombin
A persistent clot in an unbroken blood vessel
thrombus
Which blood type contains the A antigen only?
type A
What is the most common type of blood in the US population?
type O
Which blood type can a person with type O blood receive in a transfusion?
type O
Which blood type carries no antigens?
type O
List the proper sequence of hemostasis.
vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
Bleeding disorders often result from a lack of what vitamin?
vitamin K
What is normal blood pH?
7.35 to 7.45
What is the average functional lifespan of a RBC?
100-120 days
Normal whole blood contains how many grams of hemoglobin per 100 mL of blood?
12-18
How long does it take blood to clot normally?
3 to 6 minutes
Severe shock that can be fatal occurs with blood loss exceeding what percent?
30
Name the blood type that contains both A and B antigens.
AB
The process by which white blood cells travel through the wall of blood vessels is termed ______.
diapedesis