Chapter 10: Eating Disorders

Symptom: Abnormally low body weight a) anorexia b) bulimia c) both

a) anorexia

an eating disorder characterized by low body weight, an intense fear of becoming obese, and body image distortion

anorexia nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is a severe eating disorder primarily characterized by emaciation and/or malnutrition, and there are two types: restricting and binge-eating/purging. Which of the following is true only for the binge-eating/purging type? a) Decreases in bone density, excessive fatigue, body temperature abnormalities, and skin and hair problems are all side effects of reduced nutritive intake b) Is associated with gregariousness and emotional volatility c) Is associated with a tendency to deny psychological distress and feelings of hunger

b) Is associated with gregariousness and emotional volatility

Body dissatisfaction is a pervasive yet convoluted issue in Western culture. While a greater percentage of females report body dissatisfaction issues, the percentage among males is increasing. Such dissatisfaction has been identified as a significant contributor to eating disorders. In a recent cross-cultural study, male college students selected a body type they'd like to have, and the body type they thought women preferred. Which of the following is true about the body types the men selected? a) Participants chose a taller and leaner body as the type they thought women prefer b) Participants chose a heavier and more muscular body type for themselves c) Participants chose a taller and leaner body type for themselves

b) Participants chose a heavier and more muscular body type for themselves

Symptom: awareness of the dysfunctionality of their eating patterns a) anorexia b) bulimia c) both

b) bulimia

Exposing females in South Africa and Fiji to Western cultural values has been associated with an increase in _____ in those countries a) body weight b) eating disorders c) healthier eating habits d) improved body images

b) eating disorders

rapid consumption of large quantities of food

binge eating

an eating disorder that involves the consumption of large amounts of food over a short period of time with accompanying feelings of loss of control and distress over the excess eating

binge-eating disorder (BED)

an estimate of body fat calculated on the basis of a person's height and weight

body mass index (BMI)

an eating disorder in which episodes involving rapid consumption of large quantities of food and a loss of control over eating are followed by purging, excessive exercise, or fasting in an attempt to compensate for binges

bulimia nervosa

People who are diagnosed with _____ are typically overweight a) anorexia nervosa b) either bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder c) binge-eating disorder d) bulimia nervosa

c) binge-eating disorder

Individuals who have the _____ type of anorexia are more likely to be extroverted a) restricting b) regulating c) binge-eating/purging d) bulimic

c) binge-eating/purging

Symptom: dysfunctional self-perceptions of body weight or shape a) anorexia b) bulimia c) both

c) both

Ghrelin is a gastrointestinal hormone that a) suppresses your appetite b) signals when you are full c) increases your interest in food d) assists in the digestion of sugars

c) increases your interest in food

Ethnic comparisons suggest that _____ women in the U.S. have the highest levels of body satisfaction a) Latina/Hispanic American b) Asian American c) white d) African American

d) African American

to rid the body of unwanted calories by means such as self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications

purge

Anorexia nervosa is a severe eating disorder primarily characterized by emaciation and/or malnutrition, and there are two types: restricting and binge-eating/purging. Which of the following is true for BOTH types? a) Decreases in bone density, excessive fatigue, body temperature abnormalities, and skin and hair problems are all side effects of reduced nutritive intake b) Is associated with gregariousness and emotional volatility c) Is associated with a tendency to deny psychological distress and feelings of hunger

a) Decreases in bone density, excessive fatigue, body temperature abnormalities, and skin and hair problems are all side effects of reduced nutritive intake

Identify the following statement about bulimia nervosa as either true or false: Initial assessment for treatment focuses on medical and physical problems such as dental and esophageal erosion, electrolyte imbalance, cardiopulmonary issues, and gastrointestinal distress a) True b) False

a) True

Someone who vomits, takes laxatives, and exercises excessively to avoid gaining weight would most likely be diagnosed with a) bulimia nervosa b) anorexia nervosa c) elimination disorder d) binge-eating disorder

a) bulimia nervosa

Research into how neurotransmitters affect eating disorders has largely focused on a) dopamine b) glucagon c) aspartate d) serotonin

a) dopamine

Typical side effects of bulimia nervosa include a) eroded tooth enamel, dehydration, swollen salivary glands, and gastrointestinal inflammation b) cardiac problems, low blood pressure, lethargy, dry skin, and brittle hair c) preoccupation with an imagined physical defect or excessive concern about a slight physical defect d) social isolation resulting from cultural prejudices about obesity

a) eroded tooth enamel, dehydration, swollen salivary glands, and gastrointestinal inflammation

The long-term recovery rate for binge-eating disorder is generally a) more positive than for anorexia nervosa b) about the same as it is for anorexia nervosa c) more negative than for anorexia nervosa d) unknown; more research is needed to determine comparative outcomes

a) more positive than for anorexia nervosa

Persuading mass media producers to promote a wide range of body types as healthy and attractive is expected to a) reduce body dissatisfaction and promote healthier lifestyles b) have no effect on attitudes about body types or eating behaviors c) create confusion about what is culturally acceptable d) increase physical comparisons and social discrimination against body types other than one's own

a) reduce body dissatisfaction and promote healthier lifestyles

Genetics and heritability have been strongly implicated in the etiology of eating disorders. However, as with many other psychological disorders, environmental influences have been found to play a role too. Which of the following best describes what is currently known about the role of genetics and heritability in the development of eating disorders? a) Eating disorders have been found to co-occur most often between cousins than between siblings b) Eating disorders tend to co-occur more often among closely-related family members, such as mothers and daughters c) The highest coincidence of eating disorders has been found between fathers and sons

b) Eating disorders tend to co-occur more often among closely-related family members, such as mothers and daughters

Identify the following statement about anorexia nervosa as either true or false: Family therapy and support significantly improves the likelihood of remission and recovery. a) False b) True

b) True

Psychological factors associated with the development of eating disorders are primarily issues such as body dissatisfaction for real or perceived reasons and maladaptive perfectionism. Which of the following is the correct definition of body dissatisfaction? a) When someone is dissatisfied with their ability to perform physical tasks, particularly athletics b) When someone's body shape or weight differs significantly from their internalized ideal c) When an individual uses food or weight regulation to deal with stress or anxiety issues d) When a person routinely criticizes or judges other based on their physical appearance

b) When someone's body shape or weight differs significantly from their internalized ideal

Obesity is currently defined as having a body mass index (BMI) greater than a) 19 b) 25 c) 30 d) 45

c) 30

What is the primary short-term goal for treating binge-eating disorder? a) Employ surgical techniques such as liposuction to reduce weight and dopamine-based medications to suppress appetite b) Stabilize dopamine levels through the use of medication, address medical issues caused by the dysfunctional eating pattern, and implement cognitive-behavioral therapy to stabilize mental and emotional state c) Abolish bingeing episodes and develop alternative coping strategies to binge-episode triggers

c) Abolish bingeing episodes and develop alternative coping strategies to binge-episode triggers

Paula is searching for the most effective treatment for bulimia. Research suggests that this will likely be a combination of a) response prevention and family therapy b) relaxation training and CBT c) CBT and antidepressant medication d) psychoeducational groups and stimulant medication

c) CBT and antidepressant medication

Which of the following best describes the influence of role modeling by family members on the development of eating disorders? a) Role modeling of a thin body image is only influential during adolescence; there is no risk at other ages b) Role modeling of a thin body image is only influential during early and middle childhood; there is no risk at other ages c) Family members who diet implicitly model a thin body image ideal which, if internalized by others, contributes to body dissatisfaction and risk for eating disorders

c) Family members who diet implicitly model a thin body image ideal which, if internalized by others, contributes to body dissatisfaction and risk for eating disorders

Anorexia nervosa is a severe eating disorder primarily characterized by emaciation and/or malnutrition, and there are two types: restricting and binge-eating/purging. Which of the following is true for only the restricting type? a) Decreases in bone density, excessive fatigue, body temperature abnormalities, and skin and hair problems are all side effects of reduced nutritive intake b) Is associated with gregariousness and emotional volatility c) Is associated with a tendency to deny psychological distress and feelings of hunger

c) Is associated with a tendency to deny psychological distress and feelings of hunger

Which of the following best describes the role of the media in the development of eating disorders? a) Media portrayals of unrealistic body image, while unattainable, have no effect on the development of eating disorders b) Body-image portrayals in the media do not have an effect on eating disorders, but the images presented are normal and the resulting effect is minimal, at most c) Media portrayals of body image are unrealistic and often unattainable and contribute significantly to body image dissatisfaction and, subsequently, to the development of eating disorders

c) Media portrayals of body image are unrealistic and often unattainable and contribute significantly to body image dissatisfaction and, subsequently, to the development of eating disorders

Obesity researchers are finding increasing evidence that a) social pressure to conform to specified body shape and size standards is an effective motivator for weight loss for most people b) obesity is caused primarily by eating and exercise habits, so long-term weight management is most effectively achieved through exercise and healthy food choices c) obesity is a complex challenge that is influenced by biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural factors d) gastric surgery is a safe and appropriate option for most overweight individuals who have difficulty losing those "last pounds" to achieve their ideal weight

c) obesity is a complex challenge that is influenced by biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural factors

Ginny, a 15-year-old girl diagnosed less than a year ago with restricting type anorexia nervosa, has restored her weight and is starting cognitive therapy. Select the statement that describes a component of cognitive therapy that will be most effective for preventing relapse in a case like Ginny's. a) My family can never be made to change their attitudes about thinness, but I will change mine b) Family sessions will be focused on the power hierarchy in my family, but the topic of food will be off-limits c) Body image doesn't come up in therapy much, but nutritional counseling does d) I am not judged by my family during meal time, decreasing my anxiety for losing control over eating

d) I am not judged by my family during meal time, decreasing my anxiety for losing control over eating

During the initial phase of treatment for anorexia nervosa, a) therapists avoid developing a strong relationship with the client in order to facilitate the client's independence b) the therapy focuses on healthy approaches to weight loss c) family members are discouraged from participating directly in the therapy d) new foods are introduced that may trigger phobic reactions

d) new foods are introduced that may trigger phobic reactions

What is currently considered to be the most effective therapy for binge-eating disorder and its associated weight issues? a) a combination of medications and psychological treatments b) cognitive-behavioral therapy c) medications d) psychological treatments

d) psychological treatments

An individual with _____ accomplishes weight loss through severe dieting or exercise a) bulimia nervosa b) binge-eating disorder c) the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa d) the restricting type of anorexia nervosa

d) the restricting type of anorexia nervosa

The neurotransmitter _____ has been strongly implicated in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. It is known to strongly affect _____, where increased levels decrease hunger and decreased levels increase hunger. Specifically, individuals with bulimia nervosa generally have _____ levels, contributing to the bingeing behavior seen in the disorder. In comparison, individuals with anorexia nervosa have been found to have _____ levels, contributing to the restricted food intake characteristic of the disorder.

dopamine; appetite; decreased; increased

This type of body dissatisfaction in men is referred to as _____.

muscle dysphoria

a condition involving a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30

obesity

a seriously disturbed eating pattern that does not fully meet criteria for another eating disorder diagnosis

other specified feeding or eating disorders