Chapter 10 exam

When performing a rapid exam on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last?A) AbdomenB) PosteriorC) ExtremitiesD) Anterior chest

B) Posterior

Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway?A) RalesB) StridorC) CracklesD) Rhonchi

B) Stridor

A patient in unstable condition should be reassessed at least every A. 20 B. 5 C. 15 D. 10

B. 5

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?A. Inadequate perfusionB. Acute anxietyC. Drug overdoseD. Poisoning

B. Acute anxiety`

The pressure exerted against the walls of the artery when the left ventricle contracts is called the:A. blood pressure.B. systolic pressure.C. diastolic pressure.D. pulse pressure.

B. systolic pressure.

As time progresses following a significant injury:A. the patient's blood pressure elevates significantly.B. the body's ability to compensate for shock decreases.C. the patient's injuries will most likely be irreparable.D. most patients will die secondary to internal bleeding.

B. the body's ability to compensate for shock decreases.

Which of the following assessments would be the MOST useful in determining the possible cause of a patient's altered mental status?A) Respiratory rateB) Blood pressureC) Blood glucose levelD) Capillary refill time

C) Blood glucose levelD)

Which of the following statements regarding stridor is correct?A) It is a whistling sound heard in the lower airway.B) It is caused by incorrect airway positioning.C) It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound.D) It suggests the presence of fluid in the lungs.

C) It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound

For an adult, the normal resting pulse should be between:A. 50 and 60 beats/min.B. 50 and 70 beats/min.C. 60 and 100 beats/min.D. 70 and 110 beats/min

C. 60 and 100 beats/min.

The MOST effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to: A. ask if bystanders are familiar with the patient B. take note of the patients general apperamce C. perform a careful and thorough assessment. D. establish the patients medical history early

C. perform a careful and thorough assessment.

A 71-year-old female sloth on the rug and fell. She is conscious but confused and complains of severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 20 breaths per minute in the heart rate is 120 bpm. What should you do? A. transport her in the seated postition B. transport her on her left side C. treat her for possible shock D. gently palpate her pelvis

C. treat her for possible shock

Upon arriving at a potentially unsafe scene, you should:A) remove all bystanders.B) request another ambulance.C) move the patient to safety.D) ensure that you are safe.

D) ensure that you are safe.

What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma?A. Tongue-jaw liftB. Head tilt-neck liftC. Head tilt-chin liftD. Jaw-thrust maneuver

D. Jaw-thrust maneuver

If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient whose collapse was not witnessed, you should:A. palapte at antohr pulse site B. apply an AED at once C. assess for adequate breahing D. immediatley begin cpr

D. immediatley begin cpr

When assessing motor function in a conscious patient's lower extremities, you should expect the patient to: A. feel you touching the extremity B. identify different types of stimuil C.note any changes in temp. D. wiggle his or her toes on command.

D. wiggle his or her toes on command.

A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing:A. at a normal rate.B. with shallow depth.C. without difficulty.D. without assistance

D. without assistance

The goal of the primary assessment is to: A. identify patients that require trasnsport to a tramua center B. determine if the patients problem is medical or traumatic C. determine the need to perform a head to toe assessment D.identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions.

D.identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions.

A decrease in blood pressure may indicate:Select one:a. loss of vascular tone.b. increased blood volume.c. forceful cardiac contraction.d. arterial constriction.

a. loss of vascular tone

A 50-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. There were no witnesses to the event. When gathering medical history information for this patient, the EMT should:A. defer SAMPLE history questions until you arive at the hosspital b. determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card C. ask law enforcement officals if they are familiar with the patient D. wait for the family members to arrive before asking any questions

b. determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card

Which of the following is the MOST accurate guide to palpating a pulse?A. Avoid compressing the artery against a bone or solid structure.B. Place the tips of your index and long fingers over the pulse point.C. Use your thumb to increase the surface area that you are palpating.D. Apply firm pressure to the artery with your ring and little fingers.

.B. Place the tips of your index and long fingers over the pulse point

The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:A. most serious thing the patient is concerned about.B. most life-threatening condition that you discover.C. gross physical signs that you detect on assessment.D. condition that exacerbates an underlying problem.

:A. most serious thing the patient is concerned about.

Clinical signs of labored breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT:A. shallow chest movement.B. use of accessory muscles.C. supraclavicular retractions.D. gasping attempts to breathe

A. shallow chest movement.

Which of the following situations or conditions warrants immediate transport?A) Mild pain in the lower abdomenB) Severe chest pain and cool, pale skinC) Decreased ability to move an extremityD) Responsiveness and ability to follow commands

B) Severe chest pain and cool, pale skin

Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear:A) pink.B) ashen.C) flushed.D) cyanotic.

B) ashen

When performing the secondary assessment on a trauma patient, you note the presence of Battle sign. This is defined as:A) unequal pupils.B) bruising behind the ear.C) swelling to the orbital area.D) fluid drainage from the nose.

B) bruising behind the ear

Which of the following MOST accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall?A) Multiple rib fractures that cause a marked deformity of the chest wallB) A marked decrease in chest wall movement due to abdominal breathingC) Only one section of the chest rises on inspiration, while another area fallsD) One side of the chest wall moves opposite the direction of the other

C) Only one section of the chest rises on inspiration, while another area falls

A pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be:A. weak.B. strong.C. regular.D. irregular

C. regular.

The pulse oximeter is an assessment tool used to evaluate the A quanity of red blood cells B. level of carbon dioxide C. saturation level of arterial blood D. amount of exhaled carbon dioxide

C. saturation level of arterial blood

Normal respiratory rates should not exceed _______ breaths per minute in toddlers and _______ breaths per minute in infants.A) 18, 28B) 20, 30C) 30, 40D) 40, 60

D) 40, 60

A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect:A. renal Insufficiency B. gallbladder disease C. acute Pancreatitis D. liver dysfunction

D. liver dysfunction

Normal skin color, temperature, and condition should be:A. flushed, cool, and dryB. pale, cool, and moistC. pink, warm, and moistD. pink, warm, and dry

D. pink, warm, and dry

Which of the following questions is used to determine a patient's chief complaint?A) "What seems to be the matter?"B) "When did the chest pain begin?"C) "Are you having trouble breathing?"D) "Do you have a history of diabetes?"

A) "What seems to be the matter?

During a 30-minute transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her at least ________ times.A) 2B) 3C) 4D) 6

A) 2

What part of the patient assessment process focuses on obtaining additional information about the patient's chief complaint and any medical problems he or she may have?A) History takingB) General impressionC) Primary assessmentD) Secondary assessment

A) History taking

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is seen MOST commonly in pediatric patients?A) Seesaw breathingB) Rapid respirationsC) Pursed-lip breathingD) Accessory muscle use

A) Seesaw breathing

When palpating the carotid pulse of a responsive patient, you should:A) avoid compressing both carotid arteries simultaneously.B) ensure that his or her head is in a hyperextended position.C) avoid gentle pressure so that weak pulses can be detected.D) firmly compress the artery because the pulse is often weak.

A) avoid compressing both carotid arteries simultaneously.

Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be:A) radiating.B) referred.C) palliating.D) provoking.

A) radiating

When auscultating the blood pressure in a patient's upper extremity, you should place the diaphragm of the stethoscope over the____artery A. apical B. Brachial C. Femoral D.radial

B. Brachial

When is it MOST appropriate to consider requesting additional ambulances at an accident scene?A. After you have triaged all the critical patientsB. When you determine there are multiple patientsC. After noncritical patients have been identifiedD. When all the deceased patients are accounted fo

B. When you determine there are multiple patient

Palliating factors regarding a patient's pain involve those that:A. worsen the pain.B. alleviate the pain.C. initiate the pain.D. change the pain

B. alleviate the pain.

When interviewing a patient, you can show him or her that you understand the situation by:A) repeating statements back to him or her.B) using medical terminology whenever possible.C) maintaining constant eye contact with him or her.D) interrupting him or her as needed for clarification.

a) repeating statements back to him or her.

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?a. the secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaintb. during the secondary assessment, the EMT's primary focus should be on taking the patients vital signs and obtaining a SAMPLE historyc. the secondary assessment should be performed en route to the hospital, regardless of the severity of the patients conditiond. a secondary assessment should always be performed, even if you must continually manage life threats that were identified in the primary assessment

a. the secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint

When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that there is a short interval between pulsations. This indicates that the pulse is:A. slow.B. rapid.C. irregular.D. thready

B. rapid.

In which of the following situations is a pertinent negative identified?A) A 50-year-old woman states that nothing makes her chest pain better or worse.B) A 53-year-old man with dizziness also tells you that he has vomited three times.C) A 56-year-old woman states that her chest hurts when she takes a deep breath.D) A 59-year-old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath.

D) A 59-year-old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath.

Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is:A) in a supine position.B) in a prone position.C) in a recumbent position.D) sitting up at a 45° angle.

D) sitting up at a 45° angle.

an elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. Your initial care should focus on:A. obtaining baseline vital signs.B. providing immediate transport.C. gathering medical history data.D. airway, breathing, and circulation.

D. airway, breathing, and circulation.

Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT:A. whether or not the patient is deteriorating.B. the patient's response to your treatment.C. the reason why the patient called EMS.D. the nature of any newly identified problems.

C. the reason why the patient called EMS.

External bleeding from an extremity can usually be controlled initially by: A. apply a tourniques B. apply chemical ice pack C. elevate the ectremity D. apply dirrect pressure

D. apply dirrect pressure

When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:A. become larger.B. dilate.C. not react.D. become smaller.

D. become smaller.

hen assessing the skin of an unresponsive patient, you note that it has a bluish tint to it. This finding is called:A) pallor.B) flushing.C) cyanosis.D) mottling.

.C) cyanosis

If a patient develops difficulty breathing after your primary assessment, you should immediately:A) determine his or her respiratory rate.B) begin assisting his or her breathing.C) reevaluate his or her airway status.D) auscultate his or her breath sounds.

.C) reevaluate his or her airway status

An adult patient who is NOT experiencing difficulty breathing will:A) be able to speak in complete sentences without unusual pauses.B) assume a position that will facilitate effective and easy breathing.C) exhibit an indentation above the clavicles and in between the ribs.D) have a respiratory rate that is between 20 and 24 breaths/min.

A) be able to speak in complete sentences without unusual pauses

When you inspect a patient's pupils with a penlight, the pupils should normally react to the light by:A) constricting.B) enlarging.C) dilating.D) fluttering.

A) constricting.

he "Golden Hour" begins when an injury occurs and ends when:A) the patient receives definitive care.B) the patient is admitted to the ICU.C) you depart the scene for the hospital.D) you arrive at the emergency department.

A) the patient receives definitive care.

An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?A. Opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from painB. Opens eyes in response to voice, makes incomprehensible sounds, localizes painC. Opens eyes spontaneously, is confused when spoken to, exhibits abnormal flexionD. Eyes remain closed, makes incomprehensible sounds, exhibits abnormal extension

A. Opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain

During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions:A. before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact. B. before you load the patient into the ambulance. C. immediately after completion of your primary assessment. D. after it has been determined that the patient is bleeding.

A. before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact.

With regard to the assessment of a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is MOST reliable in:A. children who are younger than 6 years of age.B. patients who are significantly hypotensive.C. children who are older than 6 years of age.D. patients with decreased peripheral perfusion

A. children who are younger than 6 years of age.

When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should:A. ensure that the patient can see you approaching him.B. stand behind him and immediately stabilize his head.C. assess his mental status by having him move his head.D. approach him from behind and ask him not to move.

A. ensure that the patient can see you approaching him.

In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the:A. lips or oral mucosa.B. forehead and face.C. back of the neck.D. dorsum of the hand.

A. lips or oral mucosa

During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing: A.pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition. B. Skin quailty, blood presure, and capillary refill C. ecternal bleeding, skin condition, amd capillary refi;; D. blood pressure, pulse rate, and external bleding

A.pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition.

When you assess capillary refill time in an infant, normal color to the tested area should return within:A) 1 second.B) 2 seconds.C) 3 seconds.D) 4 seconds.

B) 2 seconds.

Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause a patient's pulse rate to be slower than normal?A) Anxiety or severe stressB) Beta-blocker medicationsC) Internal bleeding from traumaD) Lack of a regular exercise routine

B) Beta-blocker medications

The diastolic blood pressure represents the:A) average pressure against the arterial walls during a cardiac cycle.B) minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries.C) increased arterial pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction.D) difference in pressure between ventricular contraction and relaxation.

B) minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries

When assessing a 62-year-old female with crushing chest pain, you note that her pulse is rapid and irregular. You should administer supplemental oxygen if needed and then:A) apply the AED and analyze her cardiac rhythm.B) transport at once and consider requesting a paramedic unit.C) document your findings and perform a detailed assessment.D) conclude that the irregular pulse is normal based on her age.

B) transport at once and consider requesting a paramedic unit.

Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms?A. A 44-year-old male with abdominal pain and severe dizzinessB. A 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosisC. A 55-year-old male with a severe headache and 2 days of nauseaD. A 49-year-old female with blurred vision and ringing in the ears

B. A 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis

When evaluating a patient with multiple complaints, the EMT's responsibility is to:A. direct his or her attention to the most obvious signs and symptoms.B. determine which complaint poses the greatest threat to the patient's life.C. definitively rule out serious causes of each of the patient's complaints.D. assess each complaint based on the patient's perception of its seriousness.

B. determine which complaint poses the greatest threat to the patient's life.

In infants and small children, skin color should be assessed on the: A. forehead B. palms amd soles C. underside of the arms D. chest and abdomen

B. palms amd soles

A palpable pulse is created by: a. the pressure that is caused when venous blood returns to the heart B.pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction. C. electrical conduction in the heart producing contractions of the atria D. the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the veins

B.pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.

Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history?A) "Have you ever had any major surgeries?"B) "How long have you had your chest pain?"C) "How much Tylenol do you take each day?"D) "When was the last time you ate a meal?"

C) "How much Tylenol do you take each day?"

Which of the following is the MOST effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs?A) Evaluating the patient's chest for cyanosisB) Applying a pulse oximeter and monitoring the SpO2C) Auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscopeD) Looking for the presence of accessory muscle use

C) Auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope

patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is:A) flushed and red.B) mottled and cool.C) pale and moist.D) cyanotic and dry.

A) flushed and red

The normal respiratory rate for an adult should range from A. 12 to 20 B. 18 to 24 c. 10 to 12 D. 24 to28

A. 12 to 20

Which of the following patients has signs of an altered mental status A. a diabetic who has mauseaand severe lightheadedness B.A patient with a head injury, who is slow to answer questions c. a patient who overdose and tells you he treid to kill himself D. a patient with an acute allegric reaction ad dizziness

B.A patient with a head injury, who is slow to answer questions

The rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than:A. 120 to 180 seconds.B. 90 to 120 seconds.C. 60 to 90 seconds.D. 30 seconds.

C. 60 to 90 seconds

Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size-up?A. Asking a neighbor to secure the patient's dogB. Notifying the dispatcher to send fire personnelC. Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory statusD. Noting the position of a crashed motor vehicle

C. Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?A) if your general impression of a patient doesn't reveal any obvious life threats, you should proceed directly to the secondary assessmentB) The purpose of the secondary assessment is to systematically examine every patient from head to toe, regardless of the severity of his or her injuryC) You may not have time to perform a secondary assessment if you must continually manage life threats that were identified during the primary assessmentD) A focused secondary assessment would be the most appropriate approach for a patient who experienced significant trauma to multiple body systems

C) You may not have time to perform a secondary assessment if you must continually manage life threats that were identified during the primary assessment

A 50-year-old male presents with an altered mental status. His wife tells you that she had a small stroke three years ago but has otherwise been good health. The patient is responsive, but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen, if needed, you should A.repeat the primary assessment B. inquire about his family history C.Prepare for immediate transport D. perform a head to toe assessment

C.Prepare for immediate transport

Which of the following occurs when a patient respirations are shallow A. carbon dioxide elimination is increased B. chest rise will be easily noticeable C.Tidal volume is markedly reduced D. oxygenation occurs more efficiently

C.Tidal volume is markedly reduced

A patient is sitting in a chair, leaning forward on his outstretched arms. His head and chain or thrust forward. This position indicates that he A. has a decreases level of consciousness B. is experiencing severe back pain C.is experiencing difficulty breathing D. has abdominal muscel spasms

C.is experiencing difficulty breathing

A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:A tilt the patients jead back and lift up on his chin B. apply a cervical collar and suction his airway C.open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver. D. apply a pressure dressing to the patients arm

C.open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.

When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that it is grossly irregular. You should:A) count the pulse rate for at least 30 seconds to ensure accuracy.B) count the number of pulsations in 15 seconds and multiply by four.C) count the number of pulsations in 30 seconds and multiply by two.D) count the pulse rate for a full minute to obtain an accurate reading.

D) count the pulse rate for a full minute to obtain an accurate reading.

After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient who has a pulse, you should:A) place him or her in the recovery position.B) provide positive-pressure ventilatory assistance.C) assess respiratory rate, depth, and regularity.D) suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct.

D) suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct.

Supplemental oxygen without assisted ventilation would MOST likely be administered to patients:A) who are semiconscious with shallow respirations.B) with rapid respirations and a reduced tidal volume.C) who have accessory muscle use and slow breathing.D) with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume.

D) with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume.

A 39-year-old male sustained a stubborn to the grind during an altercation at the bar. As you approach the patient, you know that he is conscious, is screaming in pain, and the tenant to control the bleeding, which is bright, red, and spurting from the groin area. You should: A administer 100 % supplemental oxygen B. ensure that his airway is patent C. elevate his legs an keep him war D. Apply direct pressure to the wound

D. Apply direct pressure to the wound

Which of the following statements regarding the blood pressure is correct?Select one:A. The systolic pressure represents ventricular relaxation.B. Blood pressure falls early in patients with hypoperfusion.C. Blood pressure is the most reliable indicator of perfusion.D. Blood pressure is usually not measured in children younger than 3 years of age

D. Blood pressure is usually not measured in children younger than 3 years of age

A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called: A. crepitus B. korotoff sound C. rhonchi D. subcutaneous Emphysema

D. subcutaneous Emphysema

When assessing a patient's abdomen, you will evaluate for all of the following, EXCEPT:A. open wounds or eviscerations.B. gross bleeding and tenderness.C. rigidity and obvious bleeding.D. subcutaneous emphysema

D. subcutaneous emphysema

Which of the following pupillary changes with indicate depressed brain function a.Both pupils are sluggish with introduction of a bright light B. both pupils constrict when a bright light is introduced C. both oupils dilate whena bright light is removed D. both oupils react briskly to light instead of sluggishly

a.Both pupils are sluggish with introduction of a bright light

While evaluating a patient with chest pain, your partner tells you that the patient's blood pressure is 140/94 mm Hg. The lower number represents the pressure from the:A) atria relaxing.B) atria contracting.C) ventricles relaxing.D) ventricles contracting.

c) ventricles relaxing.

A patient who does not respond to your questions, but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be:a) conscious and alertb) completely unresponsivec) responsive to verbal stimulid) responsive to painful stimuli

d) responsive to painful stimuli