Chapter 10 Example Questions

Aldosterone is the principal ________. A) mineralocorticoid B) thyroid hormone C) glucocorticoid D) pancreatic hormone E) androgen

A) mineralocorticoid

One adrenal hormone that affects glucose metabolism is A) thymosin. B) cortisol. C) aldosterone. D) epinephrine. E) gonadotropin.

B) cortisol.

The fact that epinephrine has no apparent effect on energy consumption unless thyroid hormones are present in normal concentrations is an example of a(n) A) antagonistic effect. B) synergistic effect. C) permissive effect. D) opposing effect. E) integrative effect.

C) permissive effect.

Which of the following is released by the posterior pituitary? A) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) C) growth hormone (GH) D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) E) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which hormone's secretion promotes the loss of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and inhibits renin release? A) erythropoietin B) aldosterone C) thymosin D) atrial natriuretic peptide E) glucagon

D) atrial natriuretic peptide

All hormones are A) steroids. B) cholesterol based. C) proteins. D) inorganic compounds. E) chemical messengers.

E) chemical messengers.

Thyroid hormone insufficiency in infancy results in which of the following? A) Addison's disease B) goiter C) Cushing disease D) acromegaly E) cretinism

E) cretinism

One hormone that is released from the adrenal medulla is A) insulin. B) aldosterone. C) cortisol. D) androgen. E) epinephrine.

E) epinephrine.

The hormone that dominates during the Alarm Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is A) testosterone. B) aldosterone. C) cortisol. D) thyroid hormone. E) epinephrine.

E) epinephrine.

Which of the following hormones bind to membrane receptors and activate G-proteins? A) peptide hormones B) steroid hormones C) prostaglandins D) thyroid hormones E) eicosanoids

A) peptide hormones

Which of the following could cause ineffective synthesis of calcitriol? A) increased levels of thymosins B) decreased availability of vitamin D3 C) increased levels of MSH D) increased levels of gonadotropins E) inability to produce sufficient amounts of erythropoietin

B) decreased availability of vitamin D3

Increased sodium ion concentrations in the body can be caused by which adrenal hormone? A) cortisol B) erythropoietin C) thymosin D) aldosterone E) renin

D) aldosterone

Which hormone is a very effective antioxidant, one that may protect CNS neurons from free radicals such as nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)? A) insulin B) melanin C) calcitonin D) glucagon E) melatonin

E) melatonin

Preparation of the uterus for implantation results from stimulation by A) growth hormone. B) thyroid hormone. C) testosterone. D) mineralocorticoids. E) progesterone.

E) progesterone.

Generally, the actions of hormones A) tend to be less widespread than actions of the nervous system. B) can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes. C) are faster to react than the nervous system. D) are shorter-lasting than the actions of the nervous system. E) do not affect homeostasis.

B) can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes.

When a protein or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, A) the hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm. B) the plasma membrane becomes depolarized. C) a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm. D) the cell becomes inactive. E) the hormone is transported to the nucleus, where it alters the activity of the DNA.

C) a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.

The hormone leptin is secreted by (the) ________. A) pancreas B) kidneys C) adipose tissue D) hypothalamus E) anterior pituitary

C) adipose tissue

Target cells of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the A) thymus gland. B) suprarenal gland. C) anterior pituitary. D) posterior pituitary. E) testes.

C) anterior pituitary.

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ions in the blood. A) thymosin B) parathyroid hormone C) calcitonin D) aldosterone E) cortisol

C) calcitonin

Insulin causes A) decreased rate of glucose transport into target cells. B) decreased amino acid absorption. C) conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles. D) increased breakdown of fats to fatty acids in adipose tissue. E) increased blood glucose levels.

C) conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles.

Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by A) positive feedback. B) the quantity of circulating hormone. C) negative feedback. D) cellular demands. E) body temperature.

C) negative feedback.

Which statement is true regarding steroid hormones? A) They are carbohydrates. B) They cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane. C) They do not bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. D) They cannot change the nature or number of enzymes in the cytoplasm. E) They can alter the rate of mRNA transcription.

E) They can alter the rate of mRNA transcription.

Marissa has had her thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium. Does she need to worry about this problem? A) No, the synthetic thyroid hormone will also control the calcium. B) No, as long as she still has functional parathyroid glands she will maintain proper levels of calcium. C) No, hormones from the liver and kidneys will regulate calcium through the intestinal tract. D) Yes, without the calcitonin, high blood levels of calcium will cause convulsions. E) Yes, without the calcitonin she may suffer heart failure.

B) No, as long as she still has functional parathyroid glands she will maintain proper levels of calcium.

The chief cells of the parathyroid glands produce a hormone that A) stimulates the formation of white blood cells. B) increases the level of calcium ions in body fluids. C) increases the level of sodium ions in body fluids. D) increases the level of potassium ions in body fluids. E) decreases the level of calcium ions in body fluids.

B) increases the level of calcium ions in body fluids.

Diabetes insipidus is caused by A) decreased levels of insulin. B) decreased numbers of insulin receptors. C) failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH. D) increased numbers of ADH receptors. E) increased levels of ADH.

C) failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH.

The hormones that dominate during the Resistance Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) are the A) mineralocorticoids. B) androgens. C) glucocorticoids. D) thyroid hormones. E) gonadotropins.

C) glucocorticoids.

During the Alarm Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), there is A) decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin. B) decreased mental alertness. C) mobilization of glycogen and lipid reserves. D) increased urine production. E) decreased respiratory rate.

C) mobilization of glycogen and lipid reserves.

Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus in order to be released? A) oxytocin B) renin C) ADH D) FSH E) calcitonin

D) FSH

The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

D) LH.

Hormones from which of the following glands are responsible for the calorigenic effect? A) pituitary gland B) suprarenal gland C) parathyroid gland D) thyroid gland E) thymus

D) thyroid gland

Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid A) lysine. B) leucine. C) glycine. D) tyrosine. E) thyronine.

D) tyrosine.

Which hormone(s) play(s) a key role in the development and maintenance of normal immune defenses? A) gonadotropins B) estrogens C) androgens D) leptin E) thymosins

E) thymosins

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causes A) Cushing disease. B) cretinism. C) acromegaly. D) goiter. E) Addison's disease.

A) Cushing disease.

Which statement regarding growth hormone (GH) is true? A) GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood. B) Liver cells respond to GH by releasing prostaglandins. C) Skeletal muscle cells and chondrocytes are extremely insensitive to GH. D) GH production is regulated by releasing and inhibiting hormones from the thyroid. E) In epithelial tissues, GH inhibits stem cell division.

A) GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood.

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the human pituitary during fetal development in very young children and in pregnant women, but is not usually found in adults? A) MSH B) TSH C) ACTH D) LH E) PRL

A) MSH

An important second messenger in hormonal action is A) cAMP. B) calcitriol. C) insulin. D) calcium. E) glucagon.

A) cAMP.

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the kidneys to form A) calcitriol. B) renin. C) ADH. D) triiodothyronine. E) calcitonin.

A) calcitriol.

Peptide hormones are A) composed of chains of amino acids. B) released by the reproductive organs. C) derived from arachidonic acid. D) lipids. E) chemically related to cholesterol.

A) composed of chains of amino acids.

Which of the following hormones is/are produced by both the testes and the ovaries? A) inhibin B) estrogens C) progestins D) androgens E) testosterone

A) inhibin

The nervous system A) is ideal for crisis management. B) communicates by the release of hormones. C) has effects that are very long-lived. D) is regulated mainly by positive feedback. E) does not rely on the binding of receptors to target cells.

A) is ideal for crisis management.

The Exhaustion Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is characterized by A) the inability to produce glucocorticoids. B) increased ability to produce glucose from glycogen. C) increased pumping effectiveness of the heart. D) increased protein synthesis. E) increased sweat gland secretion.

A) the inability to produce glucocorticoids.

Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the A) thyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) parathyroid glands. D) hypothalamus. E) anterior pituitary.

A) thyroid gland.

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) MSH.

B) ACTH.

Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are A) GH and TSH. B) FSH and LH. C) ADH and ACTH. D) PRL and OT. E) ADH and OT.

B) FSH and LH.

Steroid hormones A) are proteins. B) are structurally similar to cholesterol. C) are the largest class of hormones. D) include pancreatic hormones. E) are secreted by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

B) are structurally similar to cholesterol.

Hypothalamic signals reach the anterior pituitary through the A) infundibulum. B) hypophyseal portal system. C) hypothalamic axons. D) hypophysis. E) thymus.

B) hypophyseal portal system.

Hormones from the ________, which travel in the hypophyseal portal vessels, alter the activity of the anterior pituitary. A) brain stem B) hypothalamus C) cerebellum D) thyroid E) thalamus

B) hypothalamus

The hormone oxytocin A) reduces uterine contractions. B) is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex. C) regulates blood pressure. D) governs the ovarian cycle. E) stimulates melanocytes in the skin

B) is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex.

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce A) epinephrine. B) ADH. C) corticosteroids. D) parathyroid hormone. E) insulin.

C) corticosteroids.

The hormone that is released by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in kidney tissues is A) angiotensin. B) cortisol. C) erythropoietin. D) renin. E) epinephrine.

C) erythropoietin.

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made? A) thyroid B) anterior pituitary C) hypothalamus D) posterior pituitary E) suprarenal gland

C) hypothalamus

Which of the following is the pancreatic hormone that is released when blood glucose levels rise? A) growth hormone B) cortisol C) insulin D) glucagon E) erythropoietin

C) insulin

Melatonin is the hormone produced by the ________. A) anterior pituitary B) thyroid C) pineal gland D) thymus E) posterior pituitary

C) pineal gland

Excessive urine production, which is a characteristic symptom of all forms of diabetes, is known as A) polyphagia. B) polydipsia. C) polyuria. D) polymyositis. E) diabetes mellitus.

C) polyuria.

Peripheral structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called ________. A) exocrine cells B) first messengers C) target cells D) second messengers E) G-proteins

C) target cells

Steroid hormones A) bind to receptors on the surface of the cell. B) function by way of a second messenger system. C) cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane. D) bind to intracellular receptors. E) function by activating cAMP.

D) bind to intracellular receptors.

The release of parathyroid hormone is controlled by A) thyroid hormone. B) TSH. C) the hypothalamus. D) blood calcium ion levels. E) cellular oxygen consumption.

D) blood calcium ion levels.

Hormone-producing cells of the testes produce A) estrogen. B) progesterone. C) leptin. D) testosterone. E) renin.

D) testosterone.

Normal production of hormones from which gland establishes the background notes of cellular metabolism? A) pineal B) pancreas C) thymus D) thyroid E) parathyroid

D) thyroid

Which endocrine gland stores its hormone in follicle cavities? A) anterior pituitary B) pancreas C) thymus D) thyroid E) posterior pituitary

D) thyroid

In the simplest case, endocrine activity may be controlled by changes in the extracellular fluid composition called ________ stimuli. A) hormonal B) cellular C) neural D) membrane E) humoral

E) humoral

Regarding pancreatic hormones, A) parasympathetic stimulation inhibits insulin release, and sympathetic stimulation enhances it. B) both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation inhibit insulin release. C) both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation enhance insulin release. D) sympathetic stimulation inhibits glucagon release. E) parasympathetic stimulation enhances insulin release, and sympathetic stimulation inhibits it.

E) parasympathetic stimulation enhances insulin release, and sympathetic stimulation inhibits it.

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is A) cortisol. B) parathyroid hormone. C) thymosin. D) growth hormone. E) vasopressin.

E) vasopressin.

Which of the following are sex hormones that are produced by the adrenal cortex? A) androgens B) prostaglandins C) glucocorticoids D) mineralocorticoids E) aldosterones

A) androgens

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the bloods is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) MSH. D) LH. E) GH.

E) GH.

The endocrine system A) releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. B) is regulated mainly by positive feedback. C) produces effects that last for seconds or minutes. D) is not involved in homeostasis. E) relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.

E) relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.

A rise in glucocorticoid levels causes which of the following? A) a rise in the production of both ACTH and CRH B) a decline in the production of ACTH and a rise in CRH C) a rise in the production of TRH and TSH D) a rise in the production of ACTH and a decline in CRH E) a decline in the production of both ACTH and CRH

E) a decline in the production of both ACTH and CRH

The alpha cells of the pancreas produce A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) rennin. D) ADH. E) parathyroid hormone.

B) glucagon.

Which of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative? A) ADH B) melatonin C) oxytocin D) growth hormone E) prolactin

B) melatonin

The highest level of endocrine control is provided by the A) thyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) suprarenal glands. D) hypothalamus. E) thymus.

D) hypothalamus.

Cyclic AMP often causes activation of A) calcium ion channels. B) myosin kinase. C) phosphodiesterase. D) kinase enzymes. E) steroids.

D) kinase enzymes.

The outer zone of the adrenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) epinephrine. D) mineralocorticoids. E) steroids.

D) mineralocorticoids.

The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). D) oxytocin (OT). E) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).

D) oxytocin (OT).

The hormone that inhibits osteoblasts is A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) growth hormone. D) parathyroid hormone. E) thyroid hormone.

D) parathyroid hormone.

The hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells would result in ________. A) decreased breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver and skeletal muscles B) increased triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissues C) increased rate of glucose utilization D) increased rate of ATP generation E) increased synthesis and release of glucose by the liver

E) increased synthesis and release of glucose by the liver

Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones in the anterior lobe are called A) permissive hormones. B) synergistic hormones. C) regulating hormones. D) stimulating hormones. E) releasing hormones.

E) releasing hormones.

The zone of the adrenal cortex closest to the capsule is the A) zona reticularis. B) follicular zone. C) zona fasciculata. D) interstitial zone. E) zona glomerulosa.

E) zona glomerulosa.

Hormones produced by the ________ are derived from molecules to which iodine atoms have been attached. A) thymus B) thyroid gland C) pancreas D) parathyroid glands E) adrenal glands

B) thyroid gland

This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH. A) diabetes mellitus B) diabetes insipidus C) pituitary dwarfism D) exophthalmos E) gigantism

B) diabetes insipidus

Which of the following primarily targets the gonads (ovaries and testes)? A) growth hormone B) follicle-stimulating hormone C) prolactin D) insulin E) thyroxine

B) follicle-stimulating hormone

When blood glucose levels fall, A) insulin is released. B) glucagon is released. C) peripheral cells take up less glucose. D) protein synthesis decreases. E) fat cells increase their rates of triglyceride synthesis.

B) glucagon is released.

Match the endocrine gland in the first column with its associated hormone in the second column. _____ 1. pancreas _____ 2. kidney _____ 3. posterior pituitary _____ 4. testis _____ 5. ovary A. progesterone B. testosterone C. ADH D. glucagon E. EPO

1-D, 2-E, 3-C, 4-B, 5-A

During the Resistance Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome, which hormones are responsible for maintaining blood volume and the conservation of salts and water? A) mineralocorticoids (with ADH) B) epinephrine and norepinephrine C) glucocorticoids D) growth hormone (with PRL) E) glucagon (with ADH)

A) mineralocorticoids (with ADH)

The hypothalamus transports hormones to the posterior pituitary by way of A) neural axons, directly. B) direct mechanical control. C) releasing and inhibiting hormones. D) altering ion concentrations in the anterior pituitary. E) gap junctions.

A) neural axons, directly.

The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is A) parathyroid hormone. B) thyroid hormone. C) calcitonin. D) glucagon. E) oxytocin.

A) parathyroid hormone.

Which of the following hormones enter a cell by diffusion? A) steroid hormones B) epinephrine and norepinephrine C) amino acid derivatives D) peptide hormones E) oxytocin

A) steroid hormones