Chapter 10 - Healing Options

osteopaths

- are a part of mainstream medicine that work as physicians with the added skill of training in spinal procedures - began in 1860s with Andrew Taylor Still, who believed that illness was caused by dislocation of one or more bones in the spinal column and that a pathological condition in one of the body's organs affects other organs - was viewed by the medical profession asa form of quackery

healers

Denton's five categories of faith healing: (5) healing obtained from religious _______ who practice full time and are affiliated with a major religious group, such as Christian Science healers

faith healers

_____ ________ are people who use the power of suggestion, prayer, and faith in God to promote healing

prayer

Denton's five categories of faith healing: (1) self-treatment through _________

layperson

Denton's five categories of faith healing: (2) treatment by a _________ thought to be able to communicate with God

church

Denton's five categories of faith healing: (3) treatment by an official _______ leader, for whom healing is only one of many tasks

religious

Denton's five categories of faith healing: (4) healing obtained from a person or group of persons who practice healing full time without an affiliation with a major ________ organization

symptoms, cause

Navajos will often use both native healers and physicians because of the belief that modern medicine will remove _________ and Navajo medicine will remove the ______ of the illness

folk healers

_____ _______ are not used to any significant extent in the U.S. except by some low-income persons usually belonging to racial and ethnic minority groups such as African Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians

Navajo healers

________ ________ are primarily concerned with the cause of an illness rather than its symptoms

chiropractors

_____________ are the second largest category of primary health care practitioners in the U.S. following medical doctors and are sometimes favored by some patients because they have a reputation for charging less than physicians, being friendly, giving more time to patient and using words easily understood, as well as being able to help with back problems

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act

act that was passed by Congress in 1994 allowing food products to be sold as cures for disease as long as claims that they can actually enhance health are not on the label

natural illnesses

are those illnesses caused by abusing the natural environment (e.g. eating to much) or brought on as a punishment by God for sin or for not living up the Lord's expectations

unnatural illnesses

are those illnesses outside of "God's plan" and beyond self-treatment or treatment prescribed by friends and relatives

the Storefront Church

church that believed that the body is a gift from God and that only God, not doctors, have the ultimate authority over what happens to their health

chiropractic

criticism to _________ methods are derived from inaccurate theories, low standards of education, and techniques that are of little or no therapeutic value to patients

Hippocrates

famous ancient physician who believed that good health results from the equilibrium within the body of four humors: blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile

American Osteopathic Association (AOA)

in 1953, who recognized osteopaths as a medical specialty?

folk healers

in essence, what _____ _______ appear to accomplish is to reduce the anxieties of their clients, where they are most effective in dealing with problems that have some sort of emotional basis

acupuncture

is an ancient Chinese technique of inserting fine needles into specific points in the body to ease pain and stimulate bodily functions

naturaopathy

is based on the idea that disease arises from blockages in a person's life force in the body, and treatments such as acupuncture and homeopathy are needed to restore the energy flow

homeopathy

is the use of microdoses of natural substances to bolster immunity

complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

is the use of treatments that are not commonly practices by the medical profession - includes chiropractors, acupuncture, faith healers, folk healers, homepaths, naturopaths, and the use of dietary supplements to prevent disease

Office of Alternative Medicine

now called the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, was created in 1922 by Congress as part of the National Institutes of Health - the mission is to facilitate research and evaluation of CAM techniques and make this information readily available to practitioners and the public

Idler

person who found that those persons with the highest levels of religious involvement shower the least depression and physical disability

diviner

plays the role of diagnosing illness and whose ability is believed to be a special gift among the Navajo healers

African American folk healers

subscribe to a belief system that unlike modern medicine does not differentiate between science and religion - all life events are viewed in relation to the total environment as either natural or unnatural, good or evil

divine healing

the Assembly of God (Pentecostal) church offically support the idea of ______ ______ based upon Biblical passage indicating that (1) some people have the power to transmit the healing forces of the Holy Spirit or to exorcise demons and (2) healing can be obtained through faith the same way as salvation from sin

chiropractic

the _________ approach to healing involves manipulation of bones in the spinal column based on the idea that this can relieve pressure on the nerves and thereby alleviate illness and pain - originated with Daniel Palmer in 1895 - are solely restricted to nonmedical techniques - school is four years, three of classroom and one of training at a college

Levy's view

the demands of a wage work economy and education about modern health practices may cause traditional healing to disappear

singer

the most prestigious person among Navajo healers, leads ceremonial ritual that may last several days and are intended to drive out of the body whatever is causing the illness

Christian Science Church

the most prominent group in American society advocating a perference for religious healing is the _________ ________ _______ developed by Mary Baker Eddy in 1866 - maintain that sickness and pain are an illusion and disease is not God given but is beleived tobe produced by a distorted view people have of their spiritual nature

Florida

the sate of ________ stated in a 1990 appeals court that the right to practice religion freely does not include the liberty to expose a child to ill health or death and added that while parents may be free to become martyrs themselves, they are not free to make martyrs of their children

dietary supplements

the use of supplements such as algae to enhance alertness, shark cartilage to cure cancer, fish oil capsules to reduce the threat of heart attacks, garlic to prevent blood clots, and the consumption of megadoses of vitamins and herbs to ward off or treat illness

Doctor of Osteopathy (D.O.)

training for osteopaths takes place at 19 colleges in the U.S. whose graduates are awarded a ________ ___ _______ degree - they can then go on and specialize in specific areas of medicine such through internship and residency

Mexican American fold healers

unlike the black folk healers, this group does not charge for services - Spanish Catholic tradition is central to their beliefs, as they believe that life is ordained by the divinity, and good health and happiness can be achieved only by those who keep God's commandments