Chapter 10 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

During which stage of meiosis does homologue separation occur? A) prophase I B) anaphase I C) telophase I D) prophase II E) anaphase II

B) anaphase I

During which stage of meiosis does crossing-over occur? A) prophase I of meiosis I B) anaphase I of meiosis II C) telophase I of meiosis I D) prophase II of meiosis II E) anaphase II of meiosis I

A) prophase I of meiosis I

Which does NOT occur in meiosis? A) two daughter cells are formed at completion B) four daughter cells are formed at completion C) two nuclear divisions occur D) formation of bivalents E) genetic recombination

A) two daughter cells are formed at completion

Which of the following is NOT a difference between anaphase I and anaphase II? A) Each chromosome is composed of two chromatids in anaphase I and only one chromatid in anaphase II. B) Anaphase I occurs in a haploid cell while anaphase II occurs in a diploid cell. C) Sister chromatids separate during anaphase II while homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I. D) The cell undergoing anaphase II is genetically different from from what it contained while undergoing anaphase I. E) All of these are true statements

B) Anaphase I occurs in a haploid cell while anaphase II occurs in a diploid cell.

What is the importance of crossing-over? A) It provides extra genetic material for the daughter cells. B) It increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material. C) It produces the proteins that are associated with DNA in chromosomes. D) It increases chromosome condensation. E) It separates the homologous chromosomes.

B) It increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material.

Another name for a tetrad is a/an A) homologue. B) bivalent. C) öocyte. D) gamete. E) polar body.

B) bivalent.

Homologous chromosomes are similar in all of these characteristics EXCEPT: A) similar in size. B) carry the same alleles for all traits. C) carry genes for the same traits. D) similar in shape and location of the centromere.

B) carry the same alleles for all traits.

Which of the following steps would NOT lead to variation of genetic material? A) crossing over of non-sister chromatids B) crossing over of sister chromatids C) the alignment of the chromosomes during metaphase I D) the combination of sperm and egg genes. E) mutations

B) crossing over of sister chromatids

The two chromosomes that are members of the same pair are referred to as A) tetrad. B) homologous. C) haploid. D) diploid. E) chromatid.

B) homologous.

If a cell contains 12 chromosomes at the end of meiosis I, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells contain at the end of meiosis II? A) 3 B) 6 C) 12 D) 24 E) 48

C) 12

The genus Lacerta is composed of a species of lizards that are female and do not mate. They undergo "endomitosis" where one extra chromosome replication results in a tetraploid cell before meiosis begins. Normal female 2n offspring result without fertilization. What change(s) from regular meiosis (in preparation for fertilization) would be required to produce this system? A) The haploid cell products of meiosis II fuse. B) Meiosis stops after meiosis I and does not proceed to meiosis II. C) Cytokinesis does not follow "endomitosis" that results in a tetraploid cell. D) During anaphase II, the sister centromeres fail to separate and daughter cells will not form. E) During anaphase II, the daughter chromosomes are non-disjunctive and are all pulled to one daughter cell.

C) Cytokinesis does not follow "endomitosis" that results in a tetraploid cell.

Which statement is NOT true about homologues during the events of meiosis I? A) Homologous chromosomes pair to form a tetrad. B) Homologous chromosomes separate and go to different daughter cells. C) Each homologue's centromere splits to form two chromosomes. D) Homologues exchange genetic material between non-sister chromatids. E) Homologues interact with the spindle as if they were one chromosome.

C) Each homologue's centromere splits to form two chromosomes.

Interkinesis is different from interphase in which way? A) Interkinesis occurs after a cell finishes a nuclear division. B) Interkinesis is the stage that precedes a prophase stage. C) Interphase involves DNA replication and interkinesis does not. D) Interkinesis can be variable in length.

C) Interphase involves DNA replication and interkinesis does not.

It could be said that males are able to provide gametes with more genetic diversity than females for reproduction. One main reason would be: A) Males provide more genes in sperm than females provide in eggs. B) Crossing over occurs more often in the formation of sperm than in eggs. C) Spermatogenesis in males results in four functional sperm while oogenesis in females results in only one egg and three structures that contain genetic information that is lost when they disintegrate. D) Sperm that contain a recombination of genes are usually more successful in fertilizing an egg. E) All of these are possible contributors to genetic diversity.

C) Spermatogenesis in males results in four functional sperm while oogenesis in females results in only one egg and three structures that contain genetic information that is lost when they disintegrate.

The polar body is A) another name for an egg cell. B) a precursor cell that becomes an egg cell. C) a nonfunctional cell made at the same time as an egg cell. D) the cell produced when fertilization occurs. E) a specialized sperm cell

C) a nonfunctional cell made at the same time as an egg cell.

At which stage of meiosis is each chromosome composed of a single chromatid? A) prophase I B) metaphase II C) anaphase II D) prophase II E) metaphase I

C) anaphase II

Meiosis occurs during all of the following EXCEPT A) gametogenesis. B) oogenesis. C) pangenesis. D) spermatogenesis.

C) pangenesis.

The cell formed through fertilization is called a/an A) gamete. B) sperm cell. C) zygote. D) egg cell. E) ovum

C) zygote.

If a sperm cell contains 8 chromosomes, it comes from an animal that has ______ chromosomes. A) 4 B) 8 C) 12 D) 16 E) 24

D) 16

Sources of genetic variation in a sexually reproducing population include(s) which of the following? A) crossing over in Prophase I of meiosis B) independent assortment in Metaphase I of meiosis C) fertilization D) All of the choices are sources of genetic variation. E) None of the choices are sources of genetic variation.

D) All of the choices are sources of genetic variation.

Why do polar bodies form? A) They nurse the egg as it leaves the follicle. B) This is extra chromosomal material representing the X chromosome in each female cell. C) They orient the sperm toward the egg. D) They allow a reduction in chromosomes while preserving all the food for one egg. E) They orient the egg for penetration by the sperm.

D) They allow a reduction in chromosomes while preserving all the food for one egg.

To what does the term chiasma refer? A) the process of fertilization B) the life cycle of a fungus C) the process of crossing-over D) a structure that holds together homologues during crossing-over E) the period between meiosis I and meiosis II

D) a structure that holds together homologues during crossing-over

The overall function of meiosis includes all of the following EXCEPT A) gamete production. B) reduction of chromosome number (from 2N to N). C) providing genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms. D) growth of the overall individual.

D) growth of the overall individual.

Which of the following is/are true about sexual reproduction? A) It differs from asexual reproduction since it involves two cells fusing to become one. B) It requires the development of structures or organs (such as the uterus in humans) which are of no immediate survival advantage to the individual but are advantageous to the species. C) It facilitates adaptations to the external environment in a shorter period of time. D) It facilitates adaptations to the internal environment (disease agents, parasites) in a shorter period of time. E) All of the choices are true.

E) All of the choices are true.

During which stage of meiosis are the bivalents arranged along the equator? A) prophase I B) metaphase II C) anaphase II D) prophase II E) metaphase I

E) metaphase I