Chapter 10 Questions

4. Relatedness

A college student's desire to join organizations and hang out with friends is explained through which self-determination need? 1. Social 2. Autonomy 3. Competence 4. Relatedness

4. All of the answers are correct.

A company selling diet pills claims that people taking the pill lost an average of 5 pounds in 2 days. It would be important to evaluate this claim by _____________ 1. evaluating the quality of the evidence used to support the claim. 2. considering the underlying motive of the person or company making the claim. 3. considering any alternative explanations for the results. 4. All of the answers are correct.

3. Two-factor theory

Cognitive labels become important in evaluating our emotional experience because physiological arousal can be very similar in differing situations. This statement summarizes which theory of emotion? 1. James-Lange theory 2. Facial feedback hypothesis 3. Two-factor theory 4. Cognitive mediational theory

3. seeking challenges; persistence in the face of obstacles

Dweck's 4 mastery-oriented qualities include a love of learning, __________, valuing effort, and __________. 1. high intelligence; high self-esteem 2. being good at learning, believing in yourself 3. seeking challenges; persistence in the face of obstacles 4. believing in yourself; persistence

1. Yerkes-Dodson Law

Eleza has been training for her 10k race for months. The morning of her race, she feels ready but has a few butterflies in her stomach. She knows she has a moderate level of nerves (arousal), which leads to the best performance, according to the _______________. 1. Yerkes-Dodson Law 2. drive reduction theory 3. kick butt runner's law 4. moderate level arousal principles

2. diets based on processed foods; lack of physical activity

Lin Su went away to college and started eating more chips, pop tarts, and cereal. She also does not get much exercise anymore because she is studying and watching Netflix in her downtime. This is very different than her life at home where her family's diet consisted of plant-based meals and they walked and rode their bikes everywhere. As a result, she has gained 20 pounds in 6 months. These two main environmental contributors of obesity are: 1. lack of physical activity; stress of school 2. diets based on processed foods; lack of physical activity 3. missing family, stress of school 4. stress of school; diets based on processed foods

2. Extrinsic

Macy decides to eat all the vegetables on her plate so she can get a cookie after dinner. What type of motivation is Macy responding to? 1. Natural consequences 2. Extrinsic 3. Intrinsic 4. Reinforcers

1. deficiency needs; growth needs

Maslow's hierarchy was based on two categories of needs that included _____ and _______. 1. deficiency needs; growth needs 2. deficiency needs; esteem needs 3. biological needs; esteem needs 4. growth needs; biological needs

3. Sociocultural reasons

Myra just finished a big meal when her friends called and asked her to go out for ice cream. She went but didn't plan to eat anything. As soon as her friends got their ice cream cones, Myra felt hungry for ice cream. What influenced her hunger cues? 1. Reduced willpower 2. Biological reasons 3. Sociocultural reasons 4. Psychological reasons

3. Fixed

Omar failed his first psychology test and thought "I'm just not smart enough for college." This is an example of what type of mindset according to Dweck's self-theory of motivation? 1. Growth 2. Changing 3. Fixed 4. Set

3. increase arousal and disrupt homeostasis

One limitation of the drive reduction theory is the inability to explain people's motivation to ___________________. 1. restore homeostasis 2. drink when they are thirsty 3. increase arousal and disrupt homeostasis 4. maintain a balance in their lives

4. Competence

Shakir has always been good at math. She usually earns the top score on her math tests. When she took a standardized math test and only received an 85 percent, she felt horrible for a week and refused to leave her room. Shakir's need for ________ was shaken. 1. Autonomy 2. Relatedness 3. self-esteem 4. Competence

3. poverty

States with the highest rates of obesity are also the states with the highest rates of __________. 1. taxes on fruits and vegetables 2. income 3. poverty 4. processed food companies

4. Ventromedial hypothalamus

The satiety center of the brain is located in the ______________, which suppresses hunger and sends out signals that stop an animal from eating. 1. Amygdala 2. Thalamus 3. lateral hypothalamus 4. ventromedial hypothalamus

2. Cannon-Bard theory

This theory suggests that our hearts pound and we experience fear simultaneously. 1. The two-factor theory 2. Cannon-Bard theory 3. James Lange Theory 4. Cognitive meditational theory

4. The two-factor theory

Tim's heart pounds really fast when he watches a horror movie, but he doesn't recognize he is afraid until he notices the pounding heart first. This is an example of which theory of emotion? 1. Cognitive mediational theory 2. Cannon-Bard Theory 3. James-Lange Theory 4. The two-factor theory

1. Higher cost of fresh fruits and vegetables; less time for physical activity

What are two reasons why poverty has been linked with obesity? 1. Higher cost of fresh fruits and vegetables; less time for physical activity 2. Lack of motivation to work out; less education about healthy nutrition 3. Lower cost of highly processed food; lack of motivation to work out 4. Fewer supermarkets in low-income neighborhoods; lack of interest in eating a healthy diet

1. It is possible to lose weight and maintain the weight loss, but drastic results are unrealistic.

What does the research suggest about the long-term effectiveness of obesity treatment? 1. It is possible to lose weight and maintain the weight loss, but drastic results are unrealistic. 2. Most people are unable to lose enough weight to make a difference in their health status. 3. It is possible to lose weight, but maintaining the weight loss is not possible. 4. Drastic weight loss and maintenance of the weight loss is certainly possible.

4. BMI (body mass index)

What is the mathematical formula used to calculate obesity levels? 1. Set point theory 2. The water test 3. BMR (basal metabolic rate) 4. BMI (body mass index)

4. Instinct theory

When Mattea yawns in class, her professor told her not to feel guilty because this is an unlearned reflexive behavior. What theory of motivation was her professor trying to demonstrate? 1. Maslow's theory 2. Optimal arousal theory 3. Drive reduction theory 4. Instinct theory

1. Behavioral modification/lifestyle changes

When a person switches to eating fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins from a diet high in processed foods while also beginning an exercise program, they are using which method to lose weight? 1. Behavioral modification/lifestyle changes 2. A combination of all of these 3. Medications 4. Weight loss surgery

1. Primary

When you are working outside in the 90-degree heat and are so thirsty that you take a drink from the garden hose, you are responding to a ________ drive, according to the drive-reduction theory. 1. Primary 2. instinctual 3. secondary 4. Homeostasis

1. Insulin

Which hormone in the body helps regulate hunger cues? 1. Insulin 2. Adrenaline 3. Cortisol 4. Glucose

2. Optimal arousal theory

Yanni feels at his best when he has a challenging rock face to climb. He loves the feeling of exhilaration he gets when he attempts a difficult climb, but he has a hard time staying motivated when he has to read an article assigned by his biology professor. What theory would best explain Yanni's preference for risky adventures? 1. Instinct theory 2. Optimal arousal theory 3. Drive reduction theory 4. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

3. Instincts

________ are unlearned complex behaviors with a fixed pattern throughout a species. 1. Motivations 2. Fears 3. Instincts 4. Drives

1. Physiological; safety

Fredrick has so many student loans, he can't afford rent on an apartment. Most of the time, he lives in his car and even though he has a job, he can't seem to make enough to save for the deposit and rent payments. He rarely gets a full night's sleep and as a result he has difficulty concentrating at work. He is jumpy and scared at night and worried all the time. Fredrick is struggling to fulfill which two of Maslow's needs? 1. Physiological; safety 2. Safety, belongingness 3. Physiological; self-actualization 4. Esteem; safety

1. Intrinsic

Harry loves to read and will do it on his own without his mother telling him to read. This is an example of what type of motivation? 1. Intrinsic 2. Extrinsic 3. Basic 4. Internal