Lifespan Chapter 2

When a mother is 35 years or older, risks increase for which of the following?

- low birth weight - preterm delivery - fetal death

Prenatal care often includes which of the following components?

-Comprehensive educational services -Social services -Nutritional services

Which of the following are true statements about the first stage of birth?

-The cervix dilates to approximately 10 cm. -Contractions become more frequent and intense.

The developing embryo floats in the_________ , which resembles a bag or an envelope and contains a clear fluid.

Amnion

Which field seeks to discover the influence of environment and heredity on individual differences in human development?

Behavior Genetics

Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the group of cells is called_________.

Blastocyst

In the germinal period, the zygote undergoes rapid _______division.

Cell

The specialization of cells, also known as cell ,_______ begins the week after conception.

Differentiation

The specialization of cells, also known as cell ,__________ begins the week after conception.

Differentiation

A chromosome-transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 is called what?

Down Syndrome

The genetic disorder that occurs more often in the children of mothers who are pregnant when younger than 16 and older than 34 is called what?

Down Syndrome

FASD may occur in offspring whose mothers ______ during pregnancy.

Drank Alcohol

2 weeks to 8 weeks, post-conception

Embryo

After the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, the mass of cells is known as the ______.

Embryo

Between two and eight weeks post-conception, the developing mass of cells is called a(n)________.

Embryo

The three stages of birth are not of equal length; the first stage is ______ than the others.

Longer

All cells in our bodies, other than eggs and sperm, reproduce through a process called ______.

Mitosis

During the germinal period, the zygote is undergoing rapid _____

Mitosis

Regarding the periods of prenatal development, which of the following statements is true?

The germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods all begin during the first trimester.

Which of the following are psychoactive drugs?

alcohol caffeine marijuana nicotine (tobacco)

When couples experience infertility, the problem may lie with ______.

either the man or woman

The ______ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment

epigenetic

Interpreting the results of adoption and twin studies is difficult because of the complexities of ______.

heredity-environment correlations

AIDS is a disease that damages the body's ______ system.

immune

According to the epigenetic view, development ______.

is due to heredity and environment each affecting the other

Some women develop________________ depression, which involves a major depressive episode that typically occurs about four weeks after delivery.

postpartum

The outer layer of cells surrounding a blastocyst that eventually provides nutrition and support for the embryo is called the ______.

trophoblast

Normally conducted seven weeks into the pregnancy, ______ is used to detect structural abnormalities in the fetus and when used later in the pregnancy can help determine whether the baby is a boy or a girl.

ultrasound sonography

The life-support system that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats is known as the _____

Amnion

Which prenatal period lasts about seven months?

Fetal

AIDS is caused by ____.

HIV

The process that allows cells other than eggs and sperm to duplicate and divide is known as________

Mitosis

The evolutionary process by which the best-adapted individuals of a species survive and reproduce is called ______ selection.

Natural

An X-linked disease is more likely to harm men than women

True

Which of the following are potential causes of infertility?

-blocked fallopian tubes -the woman does not ovulate -low sperm production

The specialization of cells in the zygote begins after approximately which week following conception?

1 Week

Prenatal development is divided into what three periods?

1. Germinal 2. Embryonic 3. Fetal

When a mother reaches 40, the probability that her baby will have Down syndrome is slightly over 1 in ______.

100

______ try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people: genes, environment, or a combination of these.

Behavior Genetics

Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the zygote is now a group of cells called the ______.

Blastocyst

In the period shortly after birth, a connection between the parent and the infant forms. This attachment is known as:

Bonding

The formation of a connection, especially a physical one, between parent and infant shortly after birth is known as

Bonding

The symptoms of postpartum depression include all of the following, EXCEPT ______.

Euphoria

________psychology is the newest approach to psychology. It emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors.

Evolutionary

Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of adaption, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors?

Evolutionary Psychology

The prenatal period that lasts about seven months in typical pregnancies, beginning two months after conception, is the_______

Fetal Period

2 months post-conception to birth

Fetus

The ______ period of prenatal development takes place in the first two weeks after conception.

Germinal

The _______period is the first period of prenatal development, when the egg is fertilized and cell division takes place.

Germinal

The________period includes the creation of the fertilized egg or zygote, cell division and implantation.

Germinal

What is it called when individuals' genes may influence the types of environments to which they are exposed?

Heredity-environment correlations

____________care is a NICU procedure that involves skin-to-skin contact in which the baby, wearing only a diaper, is held upright against the parent's bare chest.

Kangaroo

______ helps preterm infants stabilize their breathing, temperature, and heartbeat through close physical contact.

Kangaroo Care

As the environment changes, some species adapt in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while other species do not adapt well and die. This process is called ______.

Natural Selection

The evolutionary process by which the best-adapted individuals of a species survive and reproduce is called ______ selection.

Natural Selection

The______ is a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join.

Placenta

The_________ is a life-support system that consists of blood vessels from the mother and offspring that intertwine but don't join.

Placenta

The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein, and it connects the baby to the ______.

Plancenta

_______________drugs act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods.

Psychoactive

Prenatal care involves a defined schedule of visits for medical care, which includes ______ for manageable conditions and treatable diseases.

Screening

During the_________ stage of birth (which is called the "descent and emergence of the baby" stage), the mother bears down hard to push the baby out of her body; this stage typically lasts 45-60 minutes.

Second

Ultrasound________ uses high-frequency sound waves directed toward the pregnant woman's abdomen to produce a visual representation of the fetus.

Sonography

Mothers who drink alcohol heavily during pregnancy can cause their offspring to exhibit fetal alcohol__________________ disorders, or FASD, a cluster of abnormalities and problems

Spectrum

Any agent that can potentially cause cognitive, behavioral or physical harm to the developing embryo or fetus is a(n) ______.

Teratogen

Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive, behavioral or physical outcomes is a(n) ______.

Tertarogen

Which of the following is true of the second stage of birth?

The baby's head moves through the birth canal.

Prenatal development can be described in terms of equal three-month time periods called_________

Trimesters

The outer layer of cells around the embryo (which will eventually provide nutrition and support for the embryo) is called the __________(Remember to type only one word per blank.)

Trophoblast

Consisting of two arteries and one vein, the ___________ connects the baby to the placenta.

Umbilical Cord

Conception to 2 weeks post-conception

Zygote

The fertilized egg is called the ______.

Zygote

X-linked diseases are more likely to affect men than women because ______.

women have an extra copy of the X chromosome, which usually has the non-mutated gene