Lifespan Chapter 2
When a mother is 35 years or older, risks increase for which of the following?
- low birth weight - preterm delivery - fetal death
Prenatal care often includes which of the following components?
-Comprehensive educational services -Social services -Nutritional services
Which of the following are true statements about the first stage of birth?
-The cervix dilates to approximately 10 cm. -Contractions become more frequent and intense.
The developing embryo floats in the_________ , which resembles a bag or an envelope and contains a clear fluid.
Amnion
Which field seeks to discover the influence of environment and heredity on individual differences in human development?
Behavior Genetics
Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the group of cells is called_________.
Blastocyst
In the germinal period, the zygote undergoes rapid _______division.
Cell
The specialization of cells, also known as cell ,_______ begins the week after conception.
Differentiation
The specialization of cells, also known as cell ,__________ begins the week after conception.
Differentiation
A chromosome-transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 is called what?
Down Syndrome
The genetic disorder that occurs more often in the children of mothers who are pregnant when younger than 16 and older than 34 is called what?
Down Syndrome
FASD may occur in offspring whose mothers ______ during pregnancy.
Drank Alcohol
2 weeks to 8 weeks, post-conception
Embryo
After the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, the mass of cells is known as the ______.
Embryo
Between two and eight weeks post-conception, the developing mass of cells is called a(n)________.
Embryo
The three stages of birth are not of equal length; the first stage is ______ than the others.
Longer
All cells in our bodies, other than eggs and sperm, reproduce through a process called ______.
Mitosis
During the germinal period, the zygote is undergoing rapid _____
Mitosis
Regarding the periods of prenatal development, which of the following statements is true?
The germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods all begin during the first trimester.
Which of the following are psychoactive drugs?
alcohol caffeine marijuana nicotine (tobacco)
When couples experience infertility, the problem may lie with ______.
either the man or woman
The ______ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment
epigenetic
Interpreting the results of adoption and twin studies is difficult because of the complexities of ______.
heredity-environment correlations
AIDS is a disease that damages the body's ______ system.
immune
According to the epigenetic view, development ______.
is due to heredity and environment each affecting the other
Some women develop________________ depression, which involves a major depressive episode that typically occurs about four weeks after delivery.
postpartum
The outer layer of cells surrounding a blastocyst that eventually provides nutrition and support for the embryo is called the ______.
trophoblast
Normally conducted seven weeks into the pregnancy, ______ is used to detect structural abnormalities in the fetus and when used later in the pregnancy can help determine whether the baby is a boy or a girl.
ultrasound sonography
The life-support system that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats is known as the _____
Amnion
Which prenatal period lasts about seven months?
Fetal
AIDS is caused by ____.
HIV
The process that allows cells other than eggs and sperm to duplicate and divide is known as________
Mitosis
The evolutionary process by which the best-adapted individuals of a species survive and reproduce is called ______ selection.
Natural
An X-linked disease is more likely to harm men than women
True
Which of the following are potential causes of infertility?
-blocked fallopian tubes -the woman does not ovulate -low sperm production
The specialization of cells in the zygote begins after approximately which week following conception?
1 Week
Prenatal development is divided into what three periods?
1. Germinal 2. Embryonic 3. Fetal
When a mother reaches 40, the probability that her baby will have Down syndrome is slightly over 1 in ______.
100
______ try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people: genes, environment, or a combination of these.
Behavior Genetics
Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the zygote is now a group of cells called the ______.
Blastocyst
In the period shortly after birth, a connection between the parent and the infant forms. This attachment is known as:
Bonding
The formation of a connection, especially a physical one, between parent and infant shortly after birth is known as
Bonding
The symptoms of postpartum depression include all of the following, EXCEPT ______.
Euphoria
________psychology is the newest approach to psychology. It emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors.
Evolutionary
Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of adaption, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors?
Evolutionary Psychology
The prenatal period that lasts about seven months in typical pregnancies, beginning two months after conception, is the_______
Fetal Period
2 months post-conception to birth
Fetus
The ______ period of prenatal development takes place in the first two weeks after conception.
Germinal
The _______period is the first period of prenatal development, when the egg is fertilized and cell division takes place.
Germinal
The________period includes the creation of the fertilized egg or zygote, cell division and implantation.
Germinal
What is it called when individuals' genes may influence the types of environments to which they are exposed?
Heredity-environment correlations
____________care is a NICU procedure that involves skin-to-skin contact in which the baby, wearing only a diaper, is held upright against the parent's bare chest.
Kangaroo
______ helps preterm infants stabilize their breathing, temperature, and heartbeat through close physical contact.
Kangaroo Care
As the environment changes, some species adapt in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while other species do not adapt well and die. This process is called ______.
Natural Selection
The evolutionary process by which the best-adapted individuals of a species survive and reproduce is called ______ selection.
Natural Selection
The______ is a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join.
Placenta
The_________ is a life-support system that consists of blood vessels from the mother and offspring that intertwine but don't join.
Placenta
The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein, and it connects the baby to the ______.
Plancenta
_______________drugs act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods.
Psychoactive
Prenatal care involves a defined schedule of visits for medical care, which includes ______ for manageable conditions and treatable diseases.
Screening
During the_________ stage of birth (which is called the "descent and emergence of the baby" stage), the mother bears down hard to push the baby out of her body; this stage typically lasts 45-60 minutes.
Second
Ultrasound________ uses high-frequency sound waves directed toward the pregnant woman's abdomen to produce a visual representation of the fetus.
Sonography
Mothers who drink alcohol heavily during pregnancy can cause their offspring to exhibit fetal alcohol__________________ disorders, or FASD, a cluster of abnormalities and problems
Spectrum
Any agent that can potentially cause cognitive, behavioral or physical harm to the developing embryo or fetus is a(n) ______.
Teratogen
Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive, behavioral or physical outcomes is a(n) ______.
Tertarogen
Which of the following is true of the second stage of birth?
The baby's head moves through the birth canal.
Prenatal development can be described in terms of equal three-month time periods called_________
Trimesters
The outer layer of cells around the embryo (which will eventually provide nutrition and support for the embryo) is called the __________(Remember to type only one word per blank.)
Trophoblast
Consisting of two arteries and one vein, the ___________ connects the baby to the placenta.
Umbilical Cord
Conception to 2 weeks post-conception
Zygote
The fertilized egg is called the ______.
Zygote
X-linked diseases are more likely to affect men than women because ______.
women have an extra copy of the X chromosome, which usually has the non-mutated gene