Chapter 10 Quiz

A deficiency of this vitamin causes beriberi, which is characterized by weakness and peripheral neuropathy.

Thiamin

Those who follow a vegan diet without supplementation are at increased risk of deficiency for this vitamin.

Vitamin B12

A deficiency of this vitamin leads to microcytic hypochromic anemia.

Vitamin B6

Scurvy symptoms, caused by a deficiency of this nutrient, include rough skin rash and wounds that won't heal.

Vitamin C

If a patient wants to decrease their risk of developing cancer, which of the following recommendations would be appropriate? a. Be as lean as possible within the normal range of body weight. b. Increase intake of vitamin B12 through consumption of chicken, beef, and pork. c. Increase alcohol consumption. d. Engage in 30 minutes of strenuous physical activity most days of the week.

a. Be as lean as possible within the normal range of body weight.

Milk is generally stored in opaque containers to prevent the destruction of __________ by sunlight. a. riboflavin b. folate c. niacin d. vitamin C

a. riboflavin

Vitamin C acts as a(n) ___________ that helps neutralize free radicals.

antioxidant

__________ helps the body absorb vitamin B12. a. Folate b. Intrinsic factor c. hemopoiesis d. Cobalamin

b. Intrinsic factor

The primary function of the B vitamins is to __________. a. act as antioxidants b. act as coenzymes in energy production c. provide calories d. aid in blood clotting

b. act as coenzymes in energy production

The formation of red blood cells is called __________. a. cheilosis b. hemopoiesis c. hemophobia d. metabolism

b. hemopoiesis

A lack of intrinsic factor is associated with __________. a. carcinogenesis b. pernicious anemia c. iron-deficiency anemia d. spina bifida

b. pernicious anemia

An example of a biotin-rich meal consists of __________. a. potatoes with homemade aioli (containing raw eggs) b. chocolate chip cookies c. a peanut butter sandwich on whole-wheat bread d. salad greens with balsamic dressing

c. a peanut butter sandwich on whole-wheat bread

You want to ensure you're getting enough iron in your diet, and you know a specific water-soluble vitamin helps absorb nonheme iron. Which meal listed below is a good example of this relationship? a. sliced roast beef with vitamin-D-fortified milk b. a cup of yogurt with berries c. a spinach salad with orange slices d. Caesar salad with croutons

c. a spinach salad with orange slices

The disease that occurs in humans who are deficient in thiamin is __________. a. neural tube defects b. rickets c. beriberi d. diabetes

c. beriberi

Which vitamin-like compound helps protect the liver and is considered an essential nutrient? a. inositol b. lipoic acid c. choline d. carnitine

c. choline

Macrocytic anemia is caused by a deficiency of __________. a. folate and pantothenic acid b. folate and vitamin B6 c. folate and vitamin B12 d. vitamin B6 and vitamin B12

c. folate and vitamin B12

Which vitamin acts as a coenzyme for more than 100 enzymes, most of which are involved in protein metabolism? a. vitamin B12 b. vitamin K c. vitamin B6 d. vitamin C

c. vitamin B6

A difference between vitamins and vitamin-like compounds is that __________. a. vitamin-like compounds provide 4 kcal/gram while vitamins are not an energy source b. vitamin-like compounds act as coenzymes and vitamins act as enzymes c. vitamin-like compounds can be synthesized by the body d. vitamin-like compounds do not cause toxicity

c. vitamin-like compounds can be synthesized by the body

Involved in transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria for metabolism, ___________ is abundant in animal products like meat and dairy.

carnitine

Vitamins can act as ____________, which bind to enzymes to facilitate enzyme activity.

coenzymes

Which scenario below illustrates an example of a dietary factor influencing the promotion stage of cancer development? a. A puree diet is required because the presence of a tumor in the esophagus makes swallowing difficult. b. A cell is exposed to excess dietary fat, which damages its DNA. c. A cell is exposed to smoke, which damages its DNA. d. Alcohol stimulates damaged cells to divide and multiply.

d. Alcohol stimulates damaged cells to divide and multiply.

Which vitamin is sometimes called the "beauty vitamin" because it helps enhance hair and nails? a. vitamin C b. vitamin B6 c. riboflavin d. biotin

d. biotin

Vitamin C helps maintain a healthy immune system by __________. a. maintaining blood glucose levels b. enabling the body to make red blood cells c. reducing cholesterol levels d. enabling the body to make white blood cells

d. enabling the body to make white blood cells

Which of the following is a good source of thiamin? a. white rice, unenriched b. banana c. milk d. lean pork

d. lean pork

A folate deficiency in pregnancy can result in __________ a. rickets b. pellagra c. beriberi d. neural tube defects

d. neural tube defects

A patient with symptoms including dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia (the three Ds) may have a deficiency in __________. a. biotin b. vitamin C c. riboflavin d. niacin

d. niacin

Which vitamin is part of the structure of acetyl CoA? a. vitamin B12 b. folate c. niacin d. pantothenic acid

d. pantothenic acid

Individuals deficient in this nutrient may experience dermatitis and hair loss.

Biotin

_____________, a conditionally essential nutrient, is a precursor for acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter.

Choline

Neural tube defects can occur if this nutrient is not consumed in adequate amounts during pregnancy.

Folate

_____________ is a water-soluble compound necessary for maintaining healthy cell membranes.

Inositol

Taking more than 1 g of this nutrient via supplements can lead to flushing and skin redness.

Niacin

A deficiency of this vitamin is very rare, but those with inadequate intakes can experience numbness, muscle cramps, and difficulty walking.

Pantothenic acid

Individuals deficient in this nutrient present with inflammation of the mouth and tongue.

Riboflavin

The vitamin-like substance called ____________ helps with energy production.

lipoic acid

Ascorbic acid, or ___________, enhances the absorption of nonheme iron.

vitamin C

After ingesting _____________ like thiamin or riboflavin, the excess is usually excreted in the urine.

water-soluble vitamins

Folate and vitamin B12 assist in the formation of red blood cells, which is a process called ____________.

hemopoiesis