Chapter 10 - Reaction
Which of the following best describes Salvadoran Archbishop Oscar Romero?
a man assassinated for speaking out against the army
In the early 1980s, which Latin American country had the largest foreign debt in the world?
Brazil
Who did the Salvadoran revolutionaries of the 1980s name their main organization after?
Farabundo Martí, a martyred hero of the Salvadoran left
What did President John F. Kennedy mean when he said, "Those who make reform impossible will make revolution inevitable?"
He was warning Latin America's privileged classes that his Alliance for Progress program was needed to prevent communist revolution.
Why did revolutions erupt in Central America in the 1960s and 1970s?
Most of the population remained mired in poverty while rural oligarchies controlled most of the wealth.
What did the term "dirty war" refer to in Argentina?
The period from the late 1960s to the early 1980s, when the military government "disappeared" thousands of leftists
Why was Pablo Escobar's Medellín cartel able to thrive?
Addicted US consumers were willing to pay huge sums for illegal drugs.
How did Costa Rica escape the crossfire of the Cold War?
All of the answers are correct.
Why were Las Madres de la Plaza de Mayo able to hold public demonstrations against the Argentine government without suffering violent reprisals?
As mothers, they were off-limits to a government that defended conservative values.
Why did the Salvadoran military wipe out the village of El Mozote in 1981?
Military intelligence indicated the town was a guerrilla base even though it was not.
Which of the following led up to the Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet coming to power in 1973?
The CIA-backed opposition polarized the country.
What happened in the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre?
The Mexican army slaughtered students who were protesting in the Tlatelolco district of Mexico City.
What accurately depicts the Brazilian military coup against President João Goulart in 1964?
With US backing, the Brazilian military wanted to prevent Goulart from building a new revolutionary coalition of workers and peasants.
Who were the Sandinistas?
a Nicaraguan revolutionary group of the 1960s named after the famed rebel Augusto Sandino
Who were the Contras?
a group of counterrevolutionaries who killed Archbishop Oscar Romero
How did the military government in Peru distinguish itself from other Latin American military regimes of the 1970s?
by adopting revolutionary policies, such as agrarian reform and the nationalization of oil
How did the Tupamaros of Uruguay attempt to precipitate a revolution?
by carrying out daring, brilliantly planned operations designed to impress public opinion
How did Argentina's military government try to hold onto power in the early 1980s?
by going to war with Great Britain over the Falkland Islands
In Guatemala, the Pentagon's low-intensity conflict strategy called for which of the following?
herding peasants into "model" villages to deprive guerrillas of support
Which best describes Brazil's economic "miracle" of the 1970s?
promoted industrial growth while imposing low wages and repressing strikes
What does La Violencia refer to in Colombia
socioeconomic conflicts in the countryside that began in the 1940s
During the Cold War, which was the only Latin American country to suffer a direct US military intervention?
the Dominican Republic
Latin American political scientists invented the term "bureaucratic authoritarianism" to describe which of the following?
the rise of South American governments ruled by military juntas in the 1970s
What did the US military use the School of the Americas for?
to offer counterinsurgency training to Latin American military officers
According to the US Cold War national security doctrine, what was the task of Latin American armed forces?
to repress revolutionary organizers in factories, poor neighbourhoods, and universities
