Chapter 10 - Study Module.

The Calvin cycle could not occur without the light reactions. Which of the following statements describes why this is the case?

ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions provides the energy for the production of sugars in the Calvin Cycle.

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin Cycle with ___________.

ATP and NADPH.

G3P is used in which of the following processes?

All of the listed processes can use G3P. (Production of cell walls in growing plants, production of cellulose, production of sucrose, production of starch, production of glucose).

A photosystem consists of which of the following structures?

All of the listed structures are parts of a photosystem (Reaction-Centre Complex, Chlorophyll molecules, Light harvesting complexes and Primary electron acceptor).

Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are organic.

Of the following, which occurs during the Calvin Cycle?

CO2 is reduced.

In photosynthesis, plants use carbon from __________ to make sugar and other organic molecules.

Carbon Dioxide.

What property of the pigment chlorophyll makes it appear green?

Chlorophyll absorbs all of the visible spectrum of light except green, which it reflects. This is what makes it appear green.

Which of the following processes occurs during the second phase, the reduction phase, of the Calvin cycle?

G3P Production.

Carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and exit a leaf by diffusion. Which structure(s) on a leaf allow(s) this process to happen?

Stomata.

Where does the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis occur?

Stroma.

During the Calvin Cycle, what happens during the carbon fixation phase?

The Calvin Cycle incorporates each CO2 molecules, one at a time, by attaching it to a five-carbon sugar named ribulose bisphosphate.

The reactions of the Calvin Cycle are not directly dependent on light, but they usually do not occur at night. Why?

The Calvin Cycle requires products only produced when the photosystems are illuminated.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference in carbon fixation between C3 and C4 plants?

The first product of carbon fixation in C4 Plants is a four carbon compound instead of a three carbon compound.

During which process is molecular oxygen produced in photosynthesis?

The light reactions by linear electron flow.

The energy used to produce ATP in the light reactions of photosynthesis comes from ____________.

The movement of H+ through a membrane.

Why are most autotrophs referred to as the producers of the biosphere?

They are the ultimate sources of organic compounds for all nonautotrophic organisms.

How does carbon dioxide enter the leaf?

Through the stomata.

The light reactions of photosynthesis use chemiosmosis to produce ATP that will be used in the Calvin cycle. The electrochemical gradient that drives this chemiosmosis is formed across which structure(s)?

Thylakoid membrane.

Chlorophyll molecules are in which part of the chloroplast?

Thylakoid membranes.

The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the __________.

Thylakoids.

Both Mitochondria and Chloroplasts _______________.

Use Chemiosmosis to produce ATP.

Metabolic pathways are typically redox processes. In photosynthesis, what molecule is oxidised and what molecule is reduced?

Water is oxidised. Carbon Dioxide is reduced.

The source of the oxygen produced by photosynthesis has been identified through experiments using radioactive tracers. The oxygen comes from __________.

Water.

Where do the electrons entering photosystem II come from?

Water.

You have a large, healthy philodendron that you carelessly leave in total darkness while you are away on vacation. You are surprised to find that it is still alive when you return. What has the plant been using for an energy source while in the dark?

While the plant did have access to light, it stored energy in the form of sugars or starch, and it was able to derive energy from the stored molecules during your vacation.

The most important role of pigments in photosynthesis is to _____________.

capture light energy.

When chloroplast pigments absorb light, ____________.

their electrons become excited.

In the light reactions of photosynthesis, ATP is produced by photophosphorylation. Which of the listed processes is most similar to photophosphorylation?

Oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.

The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in __________. The light reactions also produce ____________ and ____________.

NADPH; ATP; Oxygen.