Chapter 10 Terms Social Psychology and Human Nature 3e

Proactive aggression (instrumental agression)

"cold", premeditated, calculated harmful behavior that is a means to some practical or material end

Reactive aggression (hostile aggression)

"hot", impulsive, angry behavior motivated by a desire to harm someone

Flight or flight syndrome

a response to stress that involves aggressing against others or turning away

Tend and befriend syndrome

a response to stress that involves nurturing others and making friends

Deindividuation

a sense of anonymity and loss of individually a in a large group, making people especially likely to engage in antisocial behaviors such as theft

Culture of honor

a society that places high value on individual respect, strength, and virtue, and accepts and justified violent action in response to threats to one's honor

Humiliation

a state of disgrace or loss of self-respect (or of respect from others)

Running amok

according to Malaysian culture, refers to the behavior of a young man who becomes uncontrollably violent after receiving a blow to his ego

Violence

aggression that has as its goal extreme physical harm, such as injury or death

Cocaine

an addictive stimulant drug obtained from the leaves of the coca plant

Instinct

an innate (inborn, biologically programmed) tendency to seek a particular goal, such as food, water, or sex

Aggression

any behavior intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid the harm

Displaced aggression

any behavior that intentionally harms a substitute target rather than the provocateur

Indirect aggression

any behavior that intentionally harms another person who is physically absent

Direct aggression

any behavior that intentionally harms another person who is physically present

Antisocial behaivor

behavior that either damages interpersonal relationships or is culturally undesireablw

Relationshioal aggression (social aggression)

behavior that involves internally harming another person's social relationships, feelings of acceptance, or inclusion within a group

Frustration

blockage of or the interference with a personal goal

Eros

in Freudian theory, the destructive, death instinct

Honor killing

killing another individual who has brought "dishonor" to the family

Descriptive norms

norms that specify what most people do

Injunctive norms

norms that specify when most others approve or disapprove of

Modeling

observing and copying or imitating the behavior or others

Bullying

persistent aggression by a perpetrator against a victim for the purpose of establishing a power relationship over the victim

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

proposal that "the occurrence of aggressive behavior always presupposes the existence of frustration" and "the existence of frustration always leads to some form of aggression"

Broken window theory

proposal that sings of disorder such as broken windows induce other antisocial behaivor

Norms

social standard that prescribe what people ought to do

Taboo words

socially unacceptable words such as profanity or swear words: speech that constitutes sexual harassment or discrimination, hate speech, and verbally abusive words

Seratonin

the "feel good" neurotransmitter, low levels of which have been linked to aggression and violence in both animals and humans

Weapons effect

the increase in aggression that occurs as a mere result of the presence of a weapon

Testosterone

the male sec hormone, high levels of which have been linked to aggression and violence in both animals and humans

Density

the number of people in a given area

Crowing

the subjective and unpleasant feeling that there are too many people in a given area

Hostile expectation bias

the tendency to assume that people will react to potential conflicts with aggression

Hostile attributional bias

the tendency to perceive ambiguous actions by others as aggressive

Hostile perception bias

the tendency to perceive social interactions in general as being aggressive

Psychological reactance

the unpleasant emotional response people experience when someone is trying to restrict their freedom to engage in a desired behaivor

Cyberbullying

the use of the internet to bully others

Plagiarize

to claim the ideas or words of another person as one's own without crediting that person

Identity theft

using someones personal information in order to obtain money from their bank accounts

Domestic violence (family violence, intimate-partner violence)

violence that occurs within the home or family, between people who have a close relationship with each other